{"id":281,"date":"2021-05-07T12:24:40","date_gmt":"2021-05-07T12:24:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/?page_id=281"},"modified":"2025-01-10T02:05:31","modified_gmt":"2025-01-10T02:05:31","slug":"publications-links","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/en\/publications-links\/","title":{"rendered":"Publications &#038; Links"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"281\" class=\"elementor elementor-281\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2f8333a5 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-items-stretch elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2f8333a5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;shape_divider_bottom&quot;:&quot;mountains&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shape elementor-shape-bottom\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-negative=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 100\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\">\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" opacity=\"0.33\" d=\"M473,67.3c-203.9,88.3-263.1-34-320.3,0C66,119.1,0,59.7,0,59.7V0h1000v59.7 c0,0-62.1,26.1-94.9,29.3c-32.8,3.3-62.8-12.3-75.8-22.1C806,49.6,745.3,8.7,694.9,4.7S492.4,59,473,67.3z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" opacity=\"0.66\" d=\"M734,67.3c-45.5,0-77.2-23.2-129.1-39.1c-28.6-8.7-150.3-10.1-254,39.1 s-91.7-34.4-149.2,0C115.7,118.3,0,39.8,0,39.8V0h1000v36.5c0,0-28.2-18.5-92.1-18.5C810.2,18.1,775.7,67.3,734,67.3z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M766.1,28.9c-200-57.5-266,65.5-395.1,19.5C242,1.8,242,5.4,184.8,20.6C128,35.8,132.3,44.9,89.9,52.5C28.6,63.7,0,0,0,0 h1000c0,0-9.9,40.9-83.6,48.1S829.6,47,766.1,28.9z\"\/>\n<\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3f58e3f8\" data-id=\"3f58e3f8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e208bd elementor--h-position-center elementor--v-position-middle elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-pagination-position-inside elementor-widget elementor-widget-slides\" data-id=\"2e208bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;navigation&quot;:&quot;both&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;transition&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;transition_speed&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"slides.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-slides-wrapper elementor-main-swiper swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Slides\" dir=\"ltr\" data-animation=\"fadeInUp\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper elementor-slides\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-repeater-item-4143815 swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\"><div class=\"swiper-slide-bg\" role=\"img\"><\/div><div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide-inner\" ><div class=\"swiper-slide-contents\"><div class=\"elementor-slide-heading\">Publications<\/div><div class=\"elementor-slide-description\">RESOURCES<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bdba9bf elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bdba9bf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1b8354a\" data-id=\"1b8354a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-642ecb8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-advanced-accordion\" data-id=\"642ecb8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;accordion_type&quot;:&quot;accordion&quot;,&quot;toggle_speed&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"pp-advanced-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-advanced-accordion pp-toggle-icon-align-right\" id=\"pp-advanced-accordion-642ecb8\" data-accordion-id=\"642ecb8\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1051\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1051\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-tab-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFinding Common Ground: Developing a Shared Understanding of Tropical Peatswamp Forest Restoration and Fires Across Culture, Language, and Discipline\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1051\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1051\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\">HIGHLIGHTS<\/p><p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">\u2022 <\/span>Adaptive doing was utilised for developing a shared understanding, of tropical peatswamp restoration and fire in Indonesia.<\/p><p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">\u2022 <\/span>Research participants described different understanding of tropical peatswamp forests and fire.<\/p><p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">\u2022 <\/span>Participants\u2019 experiences, training, and culture (Indigenous and non-Indigenous) shaped their individual understanding.<\/p><p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">\u2022 <\/span>The shared understanding of the team was different than the individual understanding of each participant.<\/p><p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">\u2022 <\/span>Adaptive doing can help to link conservation practices, recognise different assumptions, decolonise research, and engage Indigenous and<\/p><p class=\"p2\">local communities.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">SUMMARY<\/p><p class=\"p2\">Indigenous and traditional peoples, practitioners and researchers navigate complex social ecological landscapes. The importance of dialogue<\/p><p class=\"p2\">across cultures, languages, disciplines, and forms of knowledge is increasingly recognised as needed in landscape restoration and environmental<\/p><p class=\"p2\">governance at multiple scales. A process called adaptive doing was used in two workshops in South Kalimantan Province, followed by<\/p><p class=\"p2\">remote collaboration among team members in Indonesia and Australia. Examining the breadth of differences in culture, language and knowledge,<\/p><p class=\"p2\">and recognising assumptions and disciplinary training, enabled each participant to develop a shared understanding of tropical peatswamp forest<\/p><p class=\"p2\">restoration and fires. The shared understanding extended beyond each participant\u2019s original conception and provided a collective vision that<\/p><p class=\"p2\">brought together the different knowledges, cultural and disciplinary backgrounds, while acting as a point of orientation for the work and purpose<\/p><p class=\"p2\">within a research project. The experience gained through adaptive doing has led to important collaborative changes in the project and can<\/p><p class=\"p2\">support future interdisciplinary teams to achieve collaborative practice change and a shared understanding of context.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dd5cf14\" data-id=\"dd5cf14\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4bcdade pp-buttons-valign-top pp-buttons-halign-center pp-buttons-stack-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-buttons\" data-id=\"4bcdade\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"pp-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-buttons-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/CP5-Rawluk-et-al.-2022-Finding-common-ground.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"pp-button elementor-button elementor-size-sm elementor-repeater-item-e8e7477 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-content-inner pp-icon-before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope-open-text\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tView Document\u200b\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4e51baa elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-items-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4e51baa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-08efdaa\" data-id=\"08efdaa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ab0b59 elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-advanced-accordion\" data-id=\"8ab0b59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;accordion_type&quot;:&quot;accordion&quot;,&quot;toggle_speed&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"pp-advanced-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-advanced-accordion pp-toggle-icon-align-right\" id=\"pp-advanced-accordion-8ab0b59\" data-accordion-id=\"8ab0b59\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1451\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1451\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-tab-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPolicy Brief II (E)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1451\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1451\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p2\"><b>Policy options for enhancing the effectiveness of the <\/b><b>burning prohibition <\/b><\/p><p class=\"p3\">Dr Ida Aju Pradnja Resosudarmo and Prof. Luca Tacconi<\/p><p class=\"p2\"><b>Research highlights <\/b><\/p><ul><li class=\"p3\">Forest and land fires is a complex issue.<\/li><li class=\"p3\">There are some underlying problems with the strict no burning prohibition and its enforcement.<\/li><li class=\"p3\">Villagers who utilise fires often have limited or no alternative viable cropping options.<\/li><li class=\"p4\">There are tensions between protecting human health and the environment through effective fire management and peatland protection and maintaining the livelihoods and economic independence of villagers.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85aa613 elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-advanced-accordion\" data-id=\"85aa613\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;accordion_type&quot;:&quot;accordion&quot;,&quot;toggle_speed&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"pp-advanced-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-advanced-accordion pp-toggle-icon-align-right\" id=\"pp-advanced-accordion-85aa613\" data-accordion-id=\"85aa613\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1401\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1401\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-tab-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPolicy Brief II (I)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1401\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1401\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p2\"><b>Pilihan kebijakan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas larangan membakar <\/b><\/p><p class=\"p3\">Dr Ida Aju Pradnja Resosudarmo dan Prof. Luca Tacconi<\/p><p class=\"p2\"><b>Pokok penting penelitian <\/b><\/p><ul><li class=\"p3\">Kebakaran hutan dan lahan merupakan masalah yang kompleks.<\/li><li class=\"p3\">Ada beberapa masalah mendasar dengan larangan membakar yang ketat dan penegakannya.<\/li><li class=\"p3\">Penduduk desa yang memanfaatkan api seringkali memiliki pilihan yang terbatas atau tidak memiliki alternatif penanaman yang layak.<\/li><li class=\"p4\">Ada ketegangan antara melindungi kesehatan masyarakat dan lingkungan melalui pengelolaan kebakaran dan perlindungan lahan gambut yang efektif dan mempertahankan mata pencaharian dan kemandirian ekonomi penduduk desa.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f7bf5ee\" data-id=\"f7bf5ee\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41144a7 pp-buttons-valign-top pp-buttons-halign-center pp-buttons-stack-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-buttons\" data-id=\"41144a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"pp-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-buttons-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/230419-Policy-Brief-II-E-REV5-16.37.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"pp-button elementor-button elementor-size-sm elementor-repeater-item-e8e7477 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-content-inner pp-icon-before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope-open-text\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tView Document\u200b\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f8a241 pp-buttons-valign-top pp-buttons-halign-center pp-buttons-stack-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-buttons\" data-id=\"0f8a241\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"pp-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-buttons-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/240319-Policy-Brief-II-i-REV5-16.36.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"pp-button elementor-button elementor-size-sm elementor-repeater-item-e8e7477 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-content-inner pp-icon-before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope-open-text\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tView Document\u200b\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b14d7a4 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b14d7a4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f8dc49b\" data-id=\"f8dc49b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30b73c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-advanced-accordion\" data-id=\"30b73c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;accordion_type&quot;:&quot;accordion&quot;,&quot;toggle_speed&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"pp-advanced-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-advanced-accordion pp-toggle-icon-align-right\" id=\"pp-advanced-accordion-30b73c6\" data-accordion-id=\"30b73c6\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-5101\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-5101\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-tab-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPeatland Restoration Review\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-5101\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-5101\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\">Abstract: Tropical peatlands are fragile ecosystems with an important role in conserving biodiversity,<\/p><p class=\"p1\">water quality and availability, preventing floods, soil intrusion, erosion and sedimentation, and<\/p><p class=\"p1\">providing a livelihood for people. However, due to illegal logging, fire and conversion into other<\/p><p class=\"p1\">land use, the peatlands in Indonesia are under serious threat. Efforts to restore Indonesia\u2019s tropical<\/p><p class=\"p1\">peatlands have been accelerated by the establishment of the Peatland Restoration Agency in early<\/p><p class=\"p1\">2016. The restoration action policy includes the rewetting, revegetation and revitalisation of local<\/p><p class=\"p1\">livelihood (known as the 3Rs). This paper summarises the regulatory, institutional and planning<\/p><p class=\"p1\">aspects of peatland restoration, in addition to the implementation of the 3Rs in Indonesia, including<\/p><p class=\"p1\">failures, success stories, and the criteria and indicators for the success of peatland restoration.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-56dea26\" data-id=\"56dea26\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb188ee pp-buttons-valign-top pp-buttons-halign-center pp-buttons-stack-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-buttons\" data-id=\"cb188ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"pp-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-buttons-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Peatland-Restoration-Review.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"pp-button elementor-button elementor-size-sm elementor-repeater-item-e8e7477 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-content-inner pp-icon-before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope-open-text\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tView Document\u200b\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-db1c74f elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-items-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"db1c74f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0bc480d\" data-id=\"0bc480d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c826583 elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-advanced-accordion\" data-id=\"c826583\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;accordion_type&quot;:&quot;accordion&quot;,&quot;toggle_speed&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"pp-advanced-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-advanced-accordion pp-toggle-icon-align-right\" id=\"pp-advanced-accordion-c826583\" data-accordion-id=\"c826583\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-2091\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-2091\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-tab-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDeclining severe fire activity on managed lands in Equatorial Asia\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-2091\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-2091\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><b>Abstract.<\/b><\/p><p class=\"p1\">Fire activity is declining globally due to intensifying land management, but trends remain<\/p><p class=\"p1\">uncertain for the humid tropics, particularly Equatorial Asia. Here, we report that rates of fire<\/p><p class=\"p1\">events deemed severe (\u226575<span class=\"s1\">th <\/span>severity percentile of 2002-2019) and very severe (\u226590<span class=\"s1\">th<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p1\">percentile) for Indonesia declined 19-27% and 23-34% over 2002-2019, respectively, controlling<\/p><p class=\"p1\">for precipitation, where fire-event severity is given by total fire radiative power and<\/p><p class=\"p1\">duration. The severity of seasonal fire activity \u2013 a measure of extremeness \u2013 declined 16% in<\/p><p class=\"p1\">Sumatra and moderately elsewhere. Declines concentrated over mosaic croplands and<\/p><p class=\"p1\">nearby forest, accounting for one-fifth and one-quarter of fire activity, respectively, with each<\/p><p class=\"p1\">class contracting 11% amongst severe fire events. Declines were limited over mosaic lands<\/p><p class=\"p1\">with relatively limited cropping, despite accounting for a similar extent and one-fifth share of<\/p><p class=\"p1\">fire activity. Declines had an uncertain association with agricultural development but seemingly<\/p><p class=\"p1\">reflect related political and economic forces for economic and environmental security.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a11aaac\" data-id=\"a11aaac\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ff3140 pp-buttons-valign-top pp-buttons-halign-center pp-buttons-stack-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-buttons\" data-id=\"6ff3140\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"pp-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-buttons-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Objective-4-Sloan-et-al.-2022-Declining-severe-fire-activity-on-managed-lands-in-equitorial-Asia.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"pp-button elementor-button elementor-size-sm elementor-repeater-item-e8e7477 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-content-inner pp-icon-before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope-open-text\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tView Document\u200b\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cd32fcc elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cd32fcc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a1fc23c\" data-id=\"a1fc23c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41be985 elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-advanced-accordion\" data-id=\"41be985\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;accordion_type&quot;:&quot;accordion&quot;,&quot;toggle_speed&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"pp-advanced-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-advanced-accordion pp-toggle-icon-align-right\" id=\"pp-advanced-accordion-41be985\" data-accordion-id=\"41be985\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-6891\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-6891\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-tab-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTropical peat fire emissions: 2019 field measurements in Sumatra and Borneo and synthesis with previous studies\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-6891\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-6891\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Abstract. <\/span>Peat fires in Southeast Asia are a major source of trace gases and particles to the regional-global<\/p><p class=\"p1\">atmosphere that influence atmospheric chemistry, climate, and air quality. During the November 2015 recordhigh<\/p><p class=\"p1\">Ocean Ni\u00f1o Index (ONI, 2.6) our mobile smoke sampling team made the first, or rare, field measurements<\/p><p class=\"p1\">of numerous trace gases, aerosol optical properties, and aerosol chemistry and mass emissions for fires burning<\/p><p class=\"p1\">only peat in the Indonesian province of Central Kalimantan (on the island of Borneo). The measurements<\/p><p class=\"p1\">used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), whole air sampling (WAS), photoacoustic extinctiometers<\/p><p class=\"p1\">(PAX, 401 and 870 nm), and detailed off-line analyses of particulate matter (PM) collected on filters. In<\/p><p class=\"p1\">September\u2013November 2019 we measured peat fire trace gas emissions again, using WAS only, under El Ni\u00f1o\u2013<\/p><p class=\"p1\">Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-neutral conditions (ONI, 0.3) in more remote areas of Central Kalimantan and also<\/p><p class=\"p1\">the Indonesian provinces of Riau, Jambi, and South Sumatra, all on the island of Sumatra. The 2019 measurements<\/p><p class=\"p1\">significantly expanded the geographic range and climate conditions sampled. This paper presents the 2019<\/p><p class=\"p1\">results and synthesizes them with the previous fieldwork to converge on more robust regional average emission<\/p><p class=\"p1\">factors (EFs; grams of compound per kilogram of biomass burned) for authentic peat fires. In addition, samples<\/p><p class=\"p1\">of peat imported from Indonesia were burned in US laboratories, and the EFs and optical properties were characterized<\/p><p class=\"p1\">in more detail than in the field by a larger suite of instrumentation. We use the improved knowledge<\/p><p class=\"p1\">of regional emissions based on the expanded field measurements to select the most representative lab data and<\/p><p class=\"p1\">compute a synthesized, more \u201cchemically complete\u201d set of EFs and aerosol optical properties for tropical peat<\/p><p class=\"p1\">fires.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">The modified combustion efficiency (MCE) values for the peat smoke sampled in 2019 were within the range<\/p><p class=\"p1\">of MCEs sampled in 2015, but with a lower average in 2019 (0:718\u20000:021, range 0.687\u20130.736) than 2015<\/p><p class=\"p1\">(0:772\u20000:035, range 0.693\u20130.835). Averaging the new and older data together suggests an updated MCE for<\/p><p class=\"p1\">tropical peat fires of \u2000 0:76. Despite the difference in MCE, the study-average methane emission factors (EF<\/p><p class=\"p1\">CH<span class=\"s1\">4<\/span>) were remarkably similar across the 2 years probing different regions: 9:42\u20002:51 g kg<span class=\"s1\">\udbc0\udc001 <\/span>in 2019 and<\/p><p class=\"p1\">9:51\u20004:74 g kg<span class=\"s1\">\udbc0\udc001 <\/span>in 2015. When parsing the 2019 samples by province, the EFs for non-methane organic<\/p><p class=\"p1\">gases (NMOGs) were about 3 times higher in South Sumatra and Central Kalimantan than in Jambi and Riau,<\/p><p class=\"p1\">but the overall 2019 study average was only \u2000 15% higher than the 2015 study average. South Sumatra peat fires<\/p><p class=\"p1\">emitted higher amounts of carbonyl and dimethyl sulfide, suggesting a volcanic or marine influence or effects<\/p><p class=\"p1\">of agricultural chemicals. The lab and fieldwork taken together provide EFs for 230 trace gases including CO<span class=\"s1\">2<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p1\">(1544 g kg<span class=\"s1\">\udbc0\udc001<\/span>), CO (315 g kg<span class=\"s1\">\udbc0\udc001<\/span>), and CH<span class=\"s1\">4 <\/span>(9.8 g kg<span class=\"s1\">\udbc0\udc001<\/span>). These are significant adjustments to IPCC-recommended<\/p><p class=\"p1\">EFs, \udbc0\udc009 %, C50 %, and \udbc0\udc0053 %, respectively. We also report EFs for numerous NMOGs, 46 N-containing compounds,<\/p><p class=\"p1\">and 14 sulfur- or halogen-containing species. The use of high-resolution mass spectrometry in the lab<\/p><p class=\"p1\">allowed measurement of 82% more NMOG mass than in the field. Gravimetrically measured EF PM<span class=\"s1\">2:5 <\/span>in the<\/p><p class=\"p1\">field in 2015 (17:3\u20005:8 g kg<span class=\"s1\">\udbc0\udc001<\/span>) was \u2000 20% lower than the average from lab studies (22:4\u200010:4 g kg<span class=\"s1\">\udbc0\udc001<\/span>), perhaps<\/p><p class=\"p1\">due to higher field temperatures. Taken together the lab and field data show that the single-scattering albedo<\/p><p class=\"p1\">(SSA) was largely independent of wavelength and MCE in the visible (\u2000 0:998), but lower at low MCE at 401<\/p><p class=\"p1\">and 405 nm with a value of 0.958 at the study-average MCE. The absorption \u00c5ngstr\u00f6m exponent (AAE) at the average MCE was 5.7. By far the largest PM component was weakly absorbing insoluble organic carbon.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2bedfb9\" data-id=\"2bedfb9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e94d930 pp-buttons-valign-top pp-buttons-halign-center pp-buttons-stack-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-buttons\" data-id=\"e94d930\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"pp-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-buttons-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Objective-1-Yokelson-et-al.-2022-Tropical-peat-fire-emissions-2019.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"pp-button elementor-button elementor-size-sm elementor-repeater-item-e8e7477 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-content-inner pp-icon-before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope-open-text\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tView Document\u200b\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-60a071d elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-items-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"60a071d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-446f68a\" data-id=\"446f68a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26f49bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-advanced-accordion\" data-id=\"26f49bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;accordion_type&quot;:&quot;accordion&quot;,&quot;toggle_speed&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"pp-advanced-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-advanced-accordion pp-toggle-icon-align-right\" id=\"pp-advanced-accordion-26f49bc\" data-accordion-id=\"26f49bc\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-4081\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-4081\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-tab-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tReflections on integrated research from community engagement in peatland restoration\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-4081\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-4081\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><b>Abstract.<\/b><\/p><p class=\"p1\">Community engagement and integrated research are key approaches to solving complex<\/p><p class=\"p1\">socio-ecological challenges. This paper describes the experience of bringing together a team<\/p><p class=\"p1\">of natural and social scientists from Australia and Indonesia in the \u2018Gambut Kita\u2019 (translated<\/p><p class=\"p1\">as \u2018Our Peat\u2019) project. Gambut Kita aims to produce new knowledge and support efforts to<\/p><p class=\"p1\">successfully, and equitably, restore Indonesia\u2019s tropical peatlands and ensure that livelihoods<\/p><p class=\"p1\">can be maintained on restored (rewetted) landscapes. The paper focuses on experiences of<\/p><p class=\"p1\">using community engagement for integrated research. It discusses three community<\/p><p class=\"p1\">engagement approaches used in the project\u2014resilience, adaptation pathways and transformation<\/p><p class=\"p1\">approach (RAPTA), participatory rural appraisal (PRA), and community-led analysis<\/p><p class=\"p1\">and planning (CLAP). It also describes the qualitative analysis of 14 interviews with the<\/p><p class=\"p1\">project team of lessons learned in community engagement for integrated research. \u2018Criteria<\/p><p class=\"p1\">for success\u2019 from the literature on international development projects is used to assess<\/p><p class=\"p1\">progress. The findings highlight the specific complexities of working across countries and<\/p><p class=\"p1\">cultures. Successful community engagement is not so much about the \u2018tool\u2019 but about the<\/p><p class=\"p1\">trust, agency, and support to change. The tools do, however, have different strengths. PRA<\/p><p class=\"p1\">and CLAP can build deep community understanding and relationships. RAPTA has strengths<\/p><p class=\"p1\">in framing visions and pathways to the future, systems thinking, anticipatory learning, and<\/p><p class=\"p1\">taking a cross-scale systems view which is required to solve many of the problems manifesting<\/p><p class=\"p1\">at local or community scales. Similarly, success in integrated research is not just about<\/p><p class=\"p1\">individuals, but structures (e.g. explicit process) and infrastructure (e.g. access to technology).<\/p><p class=\"p1\">These findings suggest that integrated research needs special considerations in terms<\/p><p class=\"p1\">of design, and these relate across scales to individual researchers as well as teams, leaders<\/p><p class=\"p1\">and organisations. Integrated research projects need careful, inclusive, iterative management<\/p><p class=\"p1\">with a lot of interaction to learn from each other, build a common vision, achieve clarity of<\/p><p class=\"p1\">roles, and share emerging findings.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4aeb19d\" data-id=\"4aeb19d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b37175b pp-buttons-valign-top pp-buttons-halign-center pp-buttons-stack-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-buttons\" data-id=\"b37175b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"pp-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-buttons-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Objective-2-Fleming-et-al-2021-Reflections-on-integrated-research.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"pp-button elementor-button elementor-size-sm elementor-repeater-item-e8e7477 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-content-inner pp-icon-before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope-open-text\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tView Document\u200b\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8f93783 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8f93783\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c445a18\" data-id=\"c445a18\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3cd5cce elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-advanced-accordion\" data-id=\"3cd5cce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;accordion_type&quot;:&quot;accordion&quot;,&quot;toggle_speed&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"pp-advanced-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-advanced-accordion pp-toggle-icon-align-right\" id=\"pp-advanced-accordion-3cd5cce\" data-accordion-id=\"3cd5cce\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-6371\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-6371\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-tab-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOpportunities and challenges for land use-based peatland restoration in Kayu Labu Village, South Sumatra, Indonesia\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-6371\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-6371\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Abstract<\/b>. Restoration of degraded peatland has proven to be complex and many activities <\/span>that have been initiated in recent years have not had a significant impacted on restoring peatland condition. Revitalization activities that have been carried out in several locations have not been effective. Likewise, rewetting actions were often poorly understood by the community. This research aimed to analyze land use-based peatland restoration opportunities and challenges in Kayu Labu village, South Sumatra. Survey methods and interviews with the stakeholders were applied to collect primary data in the field. The results showed that although Kayu Labu has been designated as one of the focus villages for restoration by the Peatland Restoration Agency, the restoration efforts to date have not significantly impacted on people\u2019s lives. The community has not widely known the implementation of the programs, and only those who were directly involved in the activities were aware of the peatland restoration program. Several opportunities are available to support the implementation of land use-based peatland restoration in Kayu Labu: the community has a strong willingness and commitment to restore their peatlands because they have suffered badly from peatland fires in the past. The community also acknowledges the loss of their livelihoods due to peatland degradation, especially for purun craftsmen, gelam collectors, and fishers. There are also opportunities from government and research programs to be implemented in this area to support peatland restoration. However, there are still challenges that must be faced: the increasingly massive expansion of oil palm plantations by clearing the peatlands, the lack of knowledge about peatland, and there is a general feeling from the community that without peatland their lives would be better off because they could grow diverse crops with higher yields. Therefore, capacity building, communication and knowledge enhancement, and<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a90eeca\" data-id=\"a90eeca\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c57f58a pp-buttons-valign-top pp-buttons-halign-center pp-buttons-stack-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-buttons\" data-id=\"c57f58a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"pp-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-buttons-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Objective-2-Lestari-et-al.-2021-Opportunities-and-challenges-for-peatland-resotration-in-Kayu-Labu.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"pp-button elementor-button elementor-size-sm elementor-repeater-item-e8e7477 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-content-inner pp-icon-before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope-open-text\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tView Document\u200b\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c41f04 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-items-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c41f04\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f40dcf1\" data-id=\"f40dcf1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa6bf48 elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-advanced-accordion\" data-id=\"aa6bf48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;accordion_type&quot;:&quot;accordion&quot;,&quot;toggle_speed&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"pp-advanced-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-advanced-accordion pp-toggle-icon-align-right\" id=\"pp-advanced-accordion-aa6bf48\" data-accordion-id=\"aa6bf48\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1781\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1781\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-tab-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHighly grass fine fuel in contributing peat fire in South Sumatra\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1781\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1781\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><b>Abstract. <\/b>Grass density and moisture content in peatlands are important factors in fire management and for the protection of fire prone areas. If relevant data is available, it can be used as an early warning system. In this study, a replicated trial that includes vegetation analysis of understorey species and measurement of moisture content have undertaken in 1x1 m plots, and it is used to obtain a representative image of field condition of six grasslands in Riding village and Kayulabu village, Ogan Komering Ilir, South Sumatra. Base on this study , the average grass moisture content in the wet season is 70.2%, a non-flammable condition. The grass will decrease continuously in dry season to extreme dry conditions and become highly flammable. The average grass fresh biomass in Riding village, Ogan Komering Ilir, South Sumatra is 8.6 ton\/ha, equivalent to 1.3 ton\/ha dry biomass which is potentially a highly flammable fine fuel. This is associated with a positively reinforcing feedback loop between burning and grazing. In dry condition, that conditions is stimulated for forest peat fire.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-56ea741\" data-id=\"56ea741\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72055f1 pp-buttons-valign-top pp-buttons-halign-center pp-buttons-stack-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-buttons\" data-id=\"72055f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"pp-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-buttons-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/190509-CLAP-Report-Tumbang-Nusa-E.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"pp-button elementor-button elementor-size-sm elementor-repeater-item-e8e7477 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-content-inner pp-icon-before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope-open-text\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tView Document\u200b\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f12b5f5 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f12b5f5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9e84449\" data-id=\"9e84449\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09f3d6c elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-advanced-accordion\" data-id=\"09f3d6c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;accordion_type&quot;:&quot;accordion&quot;,&quot;toggle_speed&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"pp-advanced-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-advanced-accordion pp-toggle-icon-align-right\" id=\"pp-advanced-accordion-09f3d6c\" data-accordion-id=\"09f3d6c\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1041\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-tab-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSteps towards the development of a Peat Fire Danger Rating System in Indonesia\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1041\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1041\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\">Abstract. Fire danger rating systems (FDRS) are a critical tool, used around the world to help<\/p><p class=\"p1\">predict and prevent wildfires. Forest and land fires are a severe problem in Indonesia, with smoke<\/p><p class=\"p1\">and haze production exacerbated by the country\u2019s extensive tropical peatlands, many of which<\/p><p class=\"p1\">are drained and burn almost annually. The Indonesian FDRS was established in 1999 under the<\/p><p class=\"p1\">Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency, in partnership with other government<\/p><p class=\"p1\">agencies, and is largely based on atmospheric data. Indonesia\u2019s FDRS differentiates land types,<\/p><p class=\"p1\">including peatlands, but only predicts surface fire risk, rather than the risk of peatland surface<\/p><p class=\"p1\">fires becoming below-ground peat fire \u2013 which emit greater amounts of haze-producing smoke.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">This study proposes how Indonesia\u2019s FDRS might be further developed to include below-ground<\/p><p class=\"p1\">peat fire risk. This was achieved based on consultation with government agencies which manage<\/p><p class=\"p1\">and provide data to Indonesia\u2019s FDRS, and the establishment of a Peat FDRS Stakeholder<\/p><p class=\"p1\">Engagement Network. We describe which biophysical, social-economic or atmospheric input<\/p><p class=\"p1\">variables are needed in such a model to quantify the peat fire risk. We present what field data is<\/p><p class=\"p1\">currently available (e.g. weather) and which factors require additional data collection, including<\/p><p class=\"p1\">some aspects of land and social data, and, notably, bio-physical ground data on fuel loads and<\/p><p class=\"p1\">fuel moisture content. Data is presented by type, historical availability, scale and reliability,<\/p><p class=\"p1\">presented in a visually clear colour-coded table. This information can support the development<\/p><p class=\"p1\">of a specific peat fire risk section within Indonesia\u2019s current FDRS.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ed0cdcf\" data-id=\"ed0cdcf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75c3832 pp-buttons-valign-top pp-buttons-halign-center pp-buttons-stack-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-buttons\" data-id=\"75c3832\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"pp-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-buttons-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Objective-1-Kurniawan-et-al.-2021-Highly-grass-fine-fuel-in-contributing-peat-fire.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"pp-button elementor-button elementor-size-sm elementor-repeater-item-e8e7477 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-content-inner pp-icon-before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope-open-text\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tView Document\u200b\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-37c806eb elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-items-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"37c806eb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-437719f\" data-id=\"437719f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b19f80a elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-advanced-accordion\" data-id=\"6b19f80a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;accordion_type&quot;:&quot;accordion&quot;,&quot;toggle_speed&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"pp-advanced-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-advanced-accordion pp-toggle-icon-align-right\" id=\"pp-advanced-accordion-6b19f80a\" data-accordion-id=\"6b19f80a\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1791\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1791\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-tab-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCLAP Report Tumbang Nusa (E)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1791\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1791\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A Community-Led Analysis and Planning (CLAP) process was conducted in Tumbang Nusa village, in Jabiren Raya Subdistrict, Pulang Pisau District, Central Kalimantan Province on 14-17 March 2019.<br \/><br \/>This activity was the starting-point for ongoing community engagement for the \u2018Gambut Kita\u2019 project, otherwise known as \u2018Improving Fire Management and Peatland Restoration in Indonesia\u2019: a project funded by the Australian Center for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR).<br \/><br \/>This village-based activity was facilitated by ten Key Informants from the village of Tumbang Nusa, assisted by a team consisting of eleven researchers from the Forestry and Environmental Research and Development (FOERDIA) plus one researcher<br \/>from RMIT, as well as a twelve-person community development team from Yayasan Tambuhak Sinta (YTS).<br \/><br \/>The purpose of this activity was to obtain a general overview regarding the current living conditions in the village, community development potentials, and current community concerns regarding aspects of village society, economy, infrastructure,<br \/>institutions, culture, health, education, religion, livelihoods, natural resource utilization and other factors.<br \/><br \/>The data and other outputs from this activity may now be used as a baseline reference for the entire project team to further consider the most suitable livelihoods to be developed and assisted during implementation of this long-term research project in Tumbang Nusa which focuses on peatland management and the control of unwanted peatland fires.<br \/><br \/>In this activity, a total of 15 analytical tools were used: a village walk, village history, trend analysis, seasonal calendar, wealth ranking, social map, village map, land use map, transect, economic matrix, institutional analysis, household analysis, data<br \/>consolidation, evening meetings, and a final meeting.<br \/><br \/>This document provides the detailed documentation of the results of the CLAP process, presented in chronological order, based on the stages of the CLAP as performed in Tumbang Nusa village.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5dcc582\" data-id=\"5dcc582\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92208b7 pp-buttons-valign-top pp-buttons-halign-center pp-buttons-stack-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-buttons\" data-id=\"92208b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"pp-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-buttons-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/190509-CLAP-Report-Tumbang-Nusa-E.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"pp-button elementor-button elementor-size-sm elementor-repeater-item-e8e7477 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-content-inner pp-icon-before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope-open-text\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tView Document\u200b\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-66c3cf8 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"66c3cf8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9879179\" data-id=\"9879179\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45b8d77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-advanced-accordion\" data-id=\"45b8d77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;accordion_type&quot;:&quot;accordion&quot;,&quot;toggle_speed&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"pp-advanced-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-advanced-accordion pp-toggle-icon-align-right\" id=\"pp-advanced-accordion-45b8d77\" data-accordion-id=\"45b8d77\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-7311\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-7311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-tab-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOutreach &amp; CB Plan (21 Dec 18)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-7311\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-7311\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Description<\/strong><br \/><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\">\u2018GAMBUT KITA\u2019OUTREACH &amp; CAPACITY BUILDING STRATEGY (2018-21) Building Knowledge and Know how for Community Fire Management and Peatland Restoration in Indonesia<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ccfb6c2\" data-id=\"ccfb6c2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ed711c pp-buttons-valign-top pp-buttons-halign-center pp-buttons-stack-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-buttons\" data-id=\"6ed711c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"pp-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-buttons-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Outreach-CB-Plan-21-Dec-18.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"pp-button elementor-button elementor-size-sm elementor-repeater-item-e8e7477 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-content-inner pp-icon-before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope-open-text\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tView Document\u200b\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22c4107 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-items-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22c4107\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3f96b79\" data-id=\"3f96b79\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a93e04 elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-advanced-accordion\" data-id=\"0a93e04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;accordion_type&quot;:&quot;accordion&quot;,&quot;toggle_speed&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"pp-advanced-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-advanced-accordion pp-toggle-icon-align-right\" id=\"pp-advanced-accordion-0a93e04\" data-accordion-id=\"0a93e04\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1101\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1101\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-tab-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tReflections on integrated research from community engagement in peatland restoration\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1101\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1101\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Community engagement and integrated research are key approaches to solving complex<br \/>socio-ecological challenges. This paper describes the experience of bringing together a team<br \/>of natural and social scientists from Australia and Indonesia in the \u2018Gambut Kita\u2019 (translated<br \/>as \u2018Our Peat\u2019) project. Gambut Kita aims to produce new knowledge and support efforts to<br \/>successfully, and equitably, restore Indonesia\u2019s tropical peatlands and ensure that livelihoods<br \/>can be maintained on restored (rewetted) landscapes. The paper focuses on experiences of<br \/>using community engagement for integrated research. It discusses three community<br \/>engagement approaches used in the project\u2014resilience, adaptation pathways and transformation<br \/>approach (RAPTA), participatory rural appraisal (PRA), and community-led analysis<br \/>and planning (CLAP). It also describes the qualitative analysis of 14 interviews with the<br \/>project team of lessons learned in community engagement for integrated research. \u2018Criteria<br \/>for success\u2019 from the literature on international development projects is used to assess<br \/>progress. The findings highlight the specific complexities of working across countries and<br \/>cultures. Successful community engagement is not so much about the \u2018tool\u2019 but about the<br \/>trust, agency, and support to change. The tools do, however, have different strengths. PRA<br \/>and CLAP can build deep community understanding and relationships. RAPTA has strengths<br \/>in framing visions and pathways to the future, systems thinking, anticipatory learning, and<br \/>taking a cross-scale systems view which is required to solve many of the problems manifesting<br \/>at local or community scales. Similarly, success in integrated research is not just about<br \/>individuals, but structures (e.g. explicit process) and infrastructure (e.g. access to technology).<br \/>These findings suggest that integrated research needs special considerations in terms<br \/>of design, and these relate across scales to individual researchers as well as teams, leaders<br \/>and organisations. Integrated research projects need careful, inclusive, iterative management<br \/>with a lot of interaction to learn from each other, build a common vision, achieve clarity of<br \/>roles, and share emerging findings.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-936e7b1\" data-id=\"936e7b1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4cf319 pp-buttons-valign-top pp-buttons-halign-center pp-buttons-stack-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-buttons\" data-id=\"b4cf319\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"pp-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-buttons-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Reflections-on-integrated-research-from-community-engagement-in-peatland-restoration_ABSTRACT.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"pp-button elementor-button elementor-size-sm elementor-repeater-item-e8e7477 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-content-inner pp-icon-before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope-open-text\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tView Abstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fdb4a2 pp-buttons-valign-top pp-buttons-halign-center pp-buttons-stack-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-buttons\" data-id=\"6fdb4a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"pp-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-buttons-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41599-021-00878-8\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"pp-button elementor-button elementor-size-sm elementor-repeater-item-e8e7477 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-content-inner pp-icon-before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope-open-text\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tView Document\u200b\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1db56ef elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1db56ef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9401406\" data-id=\"9401406\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d68ab2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-advanced-accordion\" data-id=\"1d68ab2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;accordion_type&quot;:&quot;accordion&quot;,&quot;toggle_speed&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"pp-advanced-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-advanced-accordion pp-toggle-icon-align-right\" id=\"pp-advanced-accordion-1d68ab2\" data-accordion-id=\"1d68ab2\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-3081\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-3081\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-tab-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPeat Fire Policy Brief \t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-3081\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-3081\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span dir=\"ltr\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Policy-Brief-E-FINAL.pdf\">\u00a0<\/a>Description<\/strong><br \/><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ef34e4c\" data-id=\"ef34e4c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e37cdc2 pp-buttons-valign-top pp-buttons-halign-center pp-buttons-stack-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-buttons\" data-id=\"e37cdc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"pp-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-buttons-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Policy-Brief-E-FINAL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"pp-button elementor-button elementor-size-sm elementor-repeater-item-1c4f9f9 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-content-inner pp-icon-before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope-open-text\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tView Document\u200b\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-01620e3 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"01620e3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6e90d4f\" data-id=\"6e90d4f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78d23a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-advanced-accordion\" data-id=\"78d23a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;accordion_type&quot;:&quot;accordion&quot;,&quot;toggle_speed&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"pp-advanced-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-advanced-accordion pp-toggle-icon-align-right\" id=\"pp-advanced-accordion-78d23a2\" data-accordion-id=\"78d23a2\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1261\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1261\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-tab-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKebakaran Gambut Policy Brief\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1261\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1261\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Description<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c82fa1\" data-id=\"1c82fa1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2070608 pp-buttons-valign-top pp-buttons-halign-center pp-buttons-stack-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-buttons\" data-id=\"2070608\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"pp-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-buttons-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Policy-Brief-I-FINAL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"pp-button elementor-button elementor-size-sm elementor-repeater-item-e8e7477 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-content-inner pp-icon-before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope-open-text\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tView Document\u200b\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4b3e08c elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4b3e08c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ec221ca\" data-id=\"ec221ca\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-092f915 elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-advanced-accordion\" data-id=\"092f915\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;accordion_type&quot;:&quot;accordion&quot;,&quot;toggle_speed&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"pp-advanced-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-advanced-accordion pp-toggle-icon-align-right\" id=\"pp-advanced-accordion-092f915\" data-accordion-id=\"092f915\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-9631\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-9631\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-tab-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRestoration of Degraded Tropical Peatland in Indonesia: A Review\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-9631\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-9631\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Description<\/strong><br \/><\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f80cf43\" data-id=\"f80cf43\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8873ecf pp-buttons-valign-top pp-buttons-halign-center pp-buttons-stack-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-buttons\" data-id=\"8873ecf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"pp-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-buttons-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/land-10-01170-v2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"pp-button elementor-button elementor-size-sm elementor-repeater-item-1c4f9f9 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-content-inner pp-icon-before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope-open-text\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tView Document\u200b\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6c7ebfa elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-items-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6c7ebfa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-569acc5\" data-id=\"569acc5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ac5506 elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-advanced-accordion\" data-id=\"0ac5506\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;accordion_type&quot;:&quot;accordion&quot;,&quot;toggle_speed&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"pp-advanced-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-advanced-accordion pp-toggle-icon-align-right\" id=\"pp-advanced-accordion-0ac5506\" data-accordion-id=\"0ac5506\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1121\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1121\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-tab-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tForestManagement Units\u2019 Performance in Forest FireManagement Implementation in Central Kalimantan and South Sumatra\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1121\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1121\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\">Abstract: Wildfires in Indonesia are an annual phenomenon which peak in dry El Nino years,<\/p><p class=\"p1\">with up to 2.6 million ha of forest and land burnt in the drought year of 2015. This is an annual<\/p><p class=\"p1\">disaster for the country and surrounding region, with severe impacts on the environment, as well<\/p><p class=\"p1\">as human health, economic and social factors. Forest Management Units (FMUs, known locally<\/p><p class=\"p1\">as Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan, KPH) are the implementation agencies on the ground that play<\/p><p class=\"p1\">a strategic role in both the prevention and suppression of forest fires. FMUs are mandated to<\/p><p class=\"p1\">establish a local fire brigade, to provide adequate personnel and equipment, and to carry out fire<\/p><p class=\"p1\">prevention as well as suppression programs. This research aimed to analyze the performance of<\/p><p class=\"p1\">forest fire-related policy implementation. The study was based on five FMUs in fire-prone regions of<\/p><p class=\"p1\">Central Kalimantan and South Sumatra, Indonesia. The performance of the FMUs is measured by<\/p><p class=\"p1\">achievement of the policy objectives and effectiveness of policy implementation. Our analysis shows<\/p><p class=\"p1\">the policies, standards and objectives to manage fire are clear for FMUs, but there are challenges in<\/p><p class=\"p1\">their implementation, such that fire control activities have not been fully implemented. Most FMUs<\/p><p class=\"p1\">have limited capacity and resources, as well as complicated budget mechanisms and low community<\/p><p class=\"p1\">participation. Strengthening FMU capacity will significantly improve their performance in forest fire<\/p><p class=\"p1\">control, particularly in the initial stages. This can be done at three scales: personnel, organization<\/p><p class=\"p1\">and system.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">Keywords: forest management unit; tropical forest fire; policy on forest fire management; organization<\/p><p class=\"p1\">capacity<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e467657\" data-id=\"e467657\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a0e594 pp-buttons-valign-top pp-buttons-halign-center pp-buttons-stack-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-buttons\" data-id=\"4a0e594\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"pp-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-buttons-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/ABSTRACT_Objective-4-Budiningsih-et-al.-2022-FMU-performance-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"pp-button elementor-button elementor-size-sm elementor-repeater-item-e8e7477 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-content-inner pp-icon-before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope-open-text\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tView Document\u200b\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0c6ce8f elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0c6ce8f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1eb8905\" data-id=\"1eb8905\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-681ebcf elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-advanced-accordion\" data-id=\"681ebcf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;accordion_type&quot;:&quot;accordion&quot;,&quot;toggle_speed&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"pp-advanced-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-advanced-accordion pp-toggle-icon-align-right\" id=\"pp-advanced-accordion-681ebcf\" data-accordion-id=\"681ebcf\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1091\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1091\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-tab-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEffects of distance from canal and degradation history on peat bulk density in a degraded tropical peatland\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1091\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1091\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p2\">A B S T R A C T\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"p1\">Over recent decades, the combination of deforestation, peat drainage and <span class=\"s1\">fi<\/span>res have resulted inwidespread degradation<\/p><p class=\"p1\">of Southeast Asia's tropical peatlands. These disturbances are generally thought to increase peat soil bulk<\/p><p class=\"p1\">density through peat drying and shrinkage, compaction, and consolidation. Biological oxidation and <span class=\"s1\">fi<\/span>res burning<\/p><p class=\"p1\">across these landscapes also consume surface peat, exposing older peat strata. The prevalence and severity of deforestation,<\/p><p class=\"p1\">peat drainage and <span class=\"s1\">fi<\/span>re are typically greater closer to canals, built to drain peatlands and provide access<\/p><p class=\"p1\">routes for people.Wecompared bulk densities of 240 cmpeat pro<span class=\"s1\">fi<\/span>les fromintact forests and degraded peatlands<\/p><p class=\"p1\">broadly, and also assessed differences between degraded peatlands near-to-canals (50<span class=\"s1\">\u2013<\/span>200 m from the nearest<\/p><p class=\"p1\">canal) and far-from-canals (300+mfromthe nearest canal). The effects of vegetation type and <span class=\"s1\">fi<\/span>re frequency on<\/p><p class=\"p1\">bulk density, irrespective of the distance fromcanal,were also investigated.Mean bulk density values ranged between<\/p><p class=\"p1\">0.08 and 0.16 g cm<span class=\"s2\">\u2212<\/span><span class=\"s3\">3 <\/span>throughout the 240 cm peat pro<span class=\"s1\">fi<\/span>les. Drainage of peat near-to-canals increased bulk<\/p><p class=\"p1\">density of peat above theminimumwater table depth. Degradation by deforestation and <span class=\"s1\">fi<\/span>re also increased bulk<\/p><p class=\"p1\">densities of upper peat strata, albeit with greater variability. Peat sampled further from canals experienced less<\/p><p class=\"p1\">intense water table drawdowns, buffering them from drainage effects. These areas were also more commonly<\/p><p class=\"p1\">forested and burnt less frequently. Differences in bulk densities below minimum water table levels are less<\/p><p class=\"p1\">clear, but may re<span class=\"s1\">fl<\/span>ect lowering of the current peat surface in degraded peatlands broadly. These results clearly<\/p><p class=\"p1\">show that important differences in bulk density exist across degraded peatlands that are spatially dependent<\/p><p class=\"p1\">on distance from canals and disturbance history. These landscape features should be taken into account when<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c77a996\" data-id=\"c77a996\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-510667f pp-buttons-valign-top pp-buttons-halign-center pp-buttons-stack-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-buttons\" data-id=\"510667f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"pp-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-buttons-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/ABSTRACT_Objective-3-Sinclair-et-al.-2020-Effects-of-canal-distance-on-peat-bulk-density-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"pp-button elementor-button elementor-size-sm elementor-repeater-item-e8e7477 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-content-inner pp-icon-before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope-open-text\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tView Document\u200b\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6b54b91 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-items-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6b54b91\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-399d1b6\" data-id=\"399d1b6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05a094a elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-advanced-accordion\" data-id=\"05a094a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;accordion_type&quot;:&quot;accordion&quot;,&quot;toggle_speed&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"pp-advanced-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-advanced-accordion pp-toggle-icon-align-right\" id=\"pp-advanced-accordion-05a094a\" data-accordion-id=\"05a094a\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-5901\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-5901\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-tab-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDifferences in Tropical Peat Soil Physical and Chemical Properties Under Different Land Uses: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2011analysis\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-5901\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-5901\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\">Abstract:<\/p><p class=\"p2\">Drainage and conversion of natural peatlands, which increases fire frequency, haze air pollution and carbon emissions, also<\/p><p class=\"p2\">affects the physical and chemical properties of peat soils. Although there has been continued interest in research on tropical<\/p><p class=\"p2\">peat soil properties, no attempt has yet been made to synthesise these results. We conducted a systematic literature review<\/p><p class=\"p2\">and meta-analysis of sixty-six papers published in English language academic literature to explore the current state of<\/p><p class=\"p2\">knowledge of peat soil properties of Southeast Asia and to compare physical and chemical peat properties (e.g. bulk density,<\/p><p class=\"p2\">carbon content, pH) under different land uses and depths. Most of these studies were undertaken in Indonesia (56.1%) and<\/p><p class=\"p2\">Malaysia (28.8%), where substantial tracts of peat soils occur. We extracted data from these papers to calculate the mean<\/p><p class=\"p2\">of each peat property and compare results between land uses and depths. Linear mixed-effects models were used to test the<\/p><p class=\"p2\">significance of land use and depth on each peat property. We found that bulk density (44 papers), carbon (C) content (43<\/p><p class=\"p2\">papers), pH (42 papers) and nitrogen (N) content (39 papers) were the most widely reported, while other properties remain<\/p><p class=\"p2\">less studied. Bulk density, pH, phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) showed significant differences between land uses and<\/p><p class=\"p2\">depths. Fibre fraction, potassium (K), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) levels showed a significant difference between land uses only,<\/p><p class=\"p2\">while N differed significantly only between soil depths. Other physical properties such as hydraulic conductivity, porosity,<\/p><p class=\"p2\">woody fraction, amorphic fraction and chemical properties such as electrical conductivity (EC), C, ammonium (<\/p><p class=\"p2\">NH<span class=\"s1\">4<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">+<\/span>),<\/p><p class=\"p2\">nitrate (<\/p><p class=\"p2\">NO<span class=\"s1\">3<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">\u2212<\/span>), available nitrogen (available N), magnesium (Mg), aluminium (Al), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), sulphur<\/p><p class=\"p2\">(S) and silicon (Si) showed no significant differences between land uses or depths. This review identifies key research gaps,<\/p><p class=\"p2\">including underrepresented geographic areas and peat properties and highlights the need for standardised methodologies<\/p><p class=\"p2\">for measuring peat soil properties.<\/p><p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s2\">Keywords <\/span>Drainage . Tropical peatland . Peat properties . Southeast Asia<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3899840\" data-id=\"3899840\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f41a799 pp-buttons-valign-top pp-buttons-halign-center pp-buttons-stack-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-buttons\" data-id=\"f41a799\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"pp-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-buttons-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/ABSTRACT_Objective-3-Kunarso-et-al.-2022-Review-of-differences-in-tropical-peat-soil-physical-and-chemical-properties-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"pp-button elementor-button elementor-size-sm elementor-repeater-item-e8e7477 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-content-inner pp-icon-before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope-open-text\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tView Document\u200b\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9c5b025 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9c5b025\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-465d148\" data-id=\"465d148\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-efd7626 elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-advanced-accordion\" data-id=\"efd7626\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;accordion_type&quot;:&quot;accordion&quot;,&quot;toggle_speed&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"pp-advanced-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-advanced-accordion pp-toggle-icon-align-right\" id=\"pp-advanced-accordion-efd7626\" data-accordion-id=\"efd7626\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-2511\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-2511\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-tab-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCan We Simultaneously Restore Peatlands and Improve Livelihoods? Exploring Community Home Yard Innovations in Utilizing Degraded Peatland\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-2511\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-2511\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p2\">A B S T R A C T :<\/p><p class=\"p1\">Peatlands support the daily needs of people in many villages in Indonesia, including in<\/p><p class=\"p1\">Central Kalimantan Province. They provide the natural resources to enable fisheries, agriculture,<\/p><p class=\"p1\">plantations, and forestry. However, peatland utilization comes with various challenges, including<\/p><p class=\"p1\">fire, soil acidity, inundation, low fertility, and limited choice of suitable species. Many of the current<\/p><p class=\"p1\">uses of peatland can result in its degradation, oxidation, and increased risk of peat fire. Avoiding<\/p><p class=\"p1\">further environmental degradation will require the development of new technology that allows the<\/p><p class=\"p1\">community to both earn a livelihood and protect the peatland. In this study we assessed a range<\/p><p class=\"p1\">of technologies applied by 14 farmers at Tumbang Nusa village, Central Kalimantan province, in<\/p><p class=\"p1\">managing degraded peatlands in their home yard for agricultural business. The study shows that<\/p><p class=\"p1\">for endemic peatland species, good success can be achieved if they are planted directly. However,<\/p><p class=\"p1\">for species endemic to mineral land, there are four technologies applied by farmers in managing<\/p><p class=\"p1\">degraded peatland. The choice of technologies is influenced by their economic capacity\/cash flow<\/p><p class=\"p1\">flexibility and their understanding of peatlands. Technologies intended to adapt to land inundation<\/p><p class=\"p1\">include the use of polybags, development of raised beds, and making peat mounds with mineral<\/p><p class=\"p1\">soil in the centre. Technologies to address the acidity and soil fertility include amelioration with<\/p><p class=\"p1\">dolomite lime and fertilizer. The use of polybags filled with peat soil is the easiest technology to<\/p><p class=\"p1\">adopt and can be conducted by all family members. However, a farmer\u2019s choice of technology needs<\/p><p class=\"p1\">to always consider the potential environmental impacts in addition to increasing soil fertility so that<\/p><p class=\"p1\">peat conservation is maintained.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">Keywords: degraded peatland; agroforestry; home yard; agricultural technology<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6e56e58\" data-id=\"6e56e58\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b68aca6 pp-buttons-valign-top pp-buttons-halign-center pp-buttons-stack-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-buttons\" data-id=\"b68aca6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"pp-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-buttons-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/ABSTRACT_Objective-2-Sakuntaladewi-et-al.-2022-Home-yard-livelihoods-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"pp-button elementor-button elementor-size-sm elementor-repeater-item-e8e7477 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-content-inner pp-icon-before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope-open-text\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tView Abstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-00fc9f9 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-items-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"00fc9f9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-58a67b8\" data-id=\"58a67b8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e60e3a elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-advanced-accordion\" data-id=\"8e60e3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;accordion_type&quot;:&quot;accordion&quot;,&quot;toggle_speed&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"pp-advanced-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-advanced-accordion pp-toggle-icon-align-right\" id=\"pp-advanced-accordion-8e60e3a\" data-accordion-id=\"8e60e3a\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1491\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1491\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-tab-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTropical Forest Landscape Restoration in Indonesia: A Review\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1491\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1491\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\">Abstract:<\/p><p class=\"p1\">Indonesia has the second-largest biodiversity of any country in the world. Deforestation and<\/p><p class=\"p1\">forest degradation have caused a range of environmental issues, including habitat degradation and loss<\/p><p class=\"p1\">of biodiversity, deterioration of water quality and quantity, air pollution, and increased greenhouse gas<\/p><p class=\"p1\">emissions that contribute to climate change. Forest restoration at the landscape level has been conducted<\/p><p class=\"p1\">to balance ecological integrity and humanwell-being. Forest restoration efforts are also aimed at reducing<\/p><p class=\"p1\">CO<span class=\"s1\">2 <\/span>emissions and are closely related to Indonesia\u2019s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) from<\/p><p class=\"p1\">the forestry sector. The purpose of this paper is to examine the regulatory, institutional, and policy<\/p><p class=\"p1\">aspects of forest restoration in Indonesia, as well as the implementation of forest restoration activities in<\/p><p class=\"p1\">the country. The article was written using a synoptic review approach to Forest Landscape Restoration<\/p><p class=\"p1\">(FLR)-related articles and national experiences. Failures, success stories, and criteria and indicators<\/p><p class=\"p1\">for forest restoration success are all discussed. We also discuss the latest silvicultural techniques for<\/p><p class=\"p1\">the success of the forest restoration program. Restoration governance in Indonesia has focused on the<\/p><p class=\"p1\">wetland ecosystem such as peatlands and mangroves, but due to the severely degraded condition of<\/p><p class=\"p1\">many forests, the government has by necessity opted for active restoration involving the planting and<\/p><p class=\"p1\">establishment of livelihood options. The government has adapted its restoration approach fromthe early<\/p><p class=\"p1\">focus on ecological restoration to more forest landscape restoration, which recognizes that involving the<\/p><p class=\"p1\">local community in restoration activities is critical for the success of forest restoration.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">Keywords: reforestation; land rehabilitation; comprehensive perspective; livelihoods<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b557fcc\" data-id=\"b557fcc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39256e0 pp-buttons-valign-top pp-buttons-halign-center pp-buttons-stack-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-buttons\" data-id=\"39256e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"pp-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-buttons-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/ABSTRACT_Objective-2-Indrajaya-et-al-2022-Tropical-Forest-Landscape-Restoration-in-Indonesia-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"pp-button elementor-button elementor-size-sm elementor-repeater-item-e8e7477 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-content-inner pp-icon-before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope-open-text\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tView Abstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9163da3 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9163da3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4ab820\" data-id=\"e4ab820\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75b8de0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-advanced-accordion\" data-id=\"75b8de0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;accordion_type&quot;:&quot;accordion&quot;,&quot;toggle_speed&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"pp-advanced-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-advanced-accordion pp-toggle-icon-align-right\" id=\"pp-advanced-accordion-75b8de0\" data-accordion-id=\"75b8de0\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1231\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1231\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-tab-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCommunity perceptions of peat rewetting in Tumbang Nusa Village, Indonesia\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1231\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1231\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p2\"><b>SUMMARY <\/b><\/p><p class=\"p2\">Indonesia is committed to rewetting peatlands to reduce the risk of fires and to decrease national greenhouse gas emissions. The three main approaches currently being implemented for rewetting peatlands in Indonesia are: 1) installing dams in drainage canals - \u201ccanal blocking\u201d; 2) filling in drainage canals - \u201cbackfilling\u201d; and 3) drilling wells to access water to fight fires - \u201cdeep wells\u201d. Tumbang Nusa in Central Kalimantan was chosen in 2020 as a pilot village to trial fire management through rewetting, although some engineering and logistical questions remain. Peatland rewetting is a complex process, and it is essential to determine public support as well as the potential for communities to live and work with rewet peat landscapes. Community attitudes to rewetting and their involvement in the process are not well understood. This article reports on 20 interviews conducted with villagers in Tumbang Nusa about their perceptions of rewetting. It identifies that the general attitude to rewetting is positive, but there is confusion and a lack of involvement with regard to where deep wells have been drilled and where canal blocks are located, as well as how they work and can be used. Villagers are concerned about their livelihoods and the impacts of fire. To support communities where rewetting will occur, careful management of the physical processes is needed, but even more important is the need for greater involvement of local communities in actively developing possibilities for their own futures on rewet peat.<\/p><p class=\"p2\"><b>KEY WORDS: <\/b>climate change, fire, greenhouse gas emissions, livelihoods, peatland restoration, social barriers<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d423fa8\" data-id=\"d423fa8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ebc455 pp-buttons-valign-top pp-buttons-halign-center pp-buttons-stack-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-buttons\" data-id=\"0ebc455\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"pp-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-buttons-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/ABSTRACT_Objective-2-Fleming-et-al.-2023-accepted-Community-perceptions-of-peat-rewetting-in-Tumbang-Nusa-Village-Indonesia-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"pp-button elementor-button elementor-size-sm elementor-repeater-item-e8e7477 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-content-inner pp-icon-before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope-open-text\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tView Abstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e2827a1 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-items-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e2827a1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-89dea2a\" data-id=\"89dea2a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e8447e elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-advanced-accordion\" data-id=\"9e8447e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;accordion_type&quot;:&quot;accordion&quot;,&quot;toggle_speed&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"pp-advanced-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-advanced-accordion pp-toggle-icon-align-right\" id=\"pp-advanced-accordion-9e8447e\" data-accordion-id=\"9e8447e\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1661\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-tab-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA Field Study of Tropical Peat Fire Behaviour and Associated Carbon Emissions\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1661\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1661\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\">Abstract: Tropical peatlands store vast volumes of carbon belowground. Human land uses have led<\/p><p class=\"p1\">to their degradation, reducing their carbon storage services. Clearing and drainage make peatlands<\/p><p class=\"p1\">susceptible to surface and belowground fires. Satellites do not readily detect smouldering peat<\/p><p class=\"p1\">fires, which release globally significant quantities of aerosols and climate-influencing gases. Despite<\/p><p class=\"p1\">national and international desire to improve management of these fires, few published results exist<\/p><p class=\"p1\">for in situ tropical peat fire behaviour and associated carbon emissions. We present new field<\/p><p class=\"p1\">methodology for calculating rates of fire spread within degraded peat (average spread rates, vertical<\/p><p class=\"p1\">0.8 cm h<span class=\"s1\">\udbc0\udc00<\/span><span class=\"s2\">1<\/span>, horizontal 2.7 cm h<span class=\"s1\">\udbc0\udc00<\/span><span class=\"s2\">1<\/span>) and associated peat volume losses (102 m<span class=\"s2\">3 <\/span>ha<span class=\"s1\">\udbc0\udc00<\/span><span class=\"s2\">1 <\/span>in August,<\/p><p class=\"p1\">754 m<span class=\"s2\">3 <\/span>ha<span class=\"s1\">\udbc0\udc00<\/span><span class=\"s2\">1 <\/span>in September) measured at six peat fire sites in Kalimantan, Indonesia, in 2015. Utilizing<\/p><p class=\"p1\">locally collected bulk density and emission factors, total August and September gas emissions of<\/p><p class=\"p1\">27.2 t ha<span class=\"s1\">\udbc0\udc00<\/span><span class=\"s2\">1 <\/span>(8.1 tC ha<span class=\"s1\">\udbc0\udc00<\/span><span class=\"s2\">1<\/span>) and 200.7 t ha<span class=\"s1\">\udbc0\udc00<\/span><span class=\"s2\">1 <\/span>(60.2 tC ha<span class=\"s1\">\udbc0\udc00<\/span><span class=\"s2\">1<\/span>) were estimated. We provide much needed,<\/p><p class=\"p1\">but currently lacking, IPCC Tier 3-level data to improve GHG estimates from tropical peat fires. We<\/p><p class=\"p1\">demonstrate how calculations of total emission estimates can vary greatly in magnitude (+798% to<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s3\">\udbc0\udc00<\/span>26%) depending on environmental conditions, season, peat burn depth methodology, bulk density<\/p><p class=\"p1\">and emission factors data sources, and assumed versus observed combustion factors. This illustrates<\/p><p class=\"p1\">the importance of in situ measurements and the need for more refined methods to improve accuracies<\/p><p class=\"p1\">of GHG estimates from tropical peat fires.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">Keywords: climate change; greenhouse gases; haze; Indonesia; IPCC Tier 3; smouldering combustion<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-029ad42\" data-id=\"029ad42\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d82da48 pp-buttons-valign-top pp-buttons-halign-center pp-buttons-stack-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-buttons\" data-id=\"d82da48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"pp-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-buttons-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/ABSTRACT_Objective-1-Graham-et-al.-2022-Peat-fire-behaviour-and-carbon-emissions-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"pp-button elementor-button elementor-size-sm elementor-repeater-item-e8e7477 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-content-inner pp-icon-before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope-open-text\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tView Abstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2a8efcf elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2a8efcf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-515eb4e\" data-id=\"515eb4e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ea17ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-advanced-accordion\" data-id=\"1ea17ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;accordion_type&quot;:&quot;accordion&quot;,&quot;toggle_speed&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"pp-advanced-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-advanced-accordion pp-toggle-icon-align-right\" id=\"pp-advanced-accordion-1ea17ac\" data-accordion-id=\"1ea17ac\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-3211\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-3211\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-tab-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tApplication of agroforestry business models to tropical peatland restoration\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-3211\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-3211\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\">Abstract:<\/p><p class=\"p1\">Indonesia is home to around 45% of the world\u2019s<\/p><p class=\"p1\">tropical peatlands which continue to be degraded on a large<\/p><p class=\"p1\">scale by deforestation, drainage and fire, contributing<\/p><p class=\"p1\">massively to global GHG emissions. Approaches to<\/p><p class=\"p1\">restoring the peat\u2013water balance and reducing emissions<\/p><p class=\"p1\">in peat hydrological units, through managing them based<\/p><p class=\"p1\">either on full protection or large-scale commercial<\/p><p class=\"p1\">production, have generally failed to address<\/p><p class=\"p1\">environmental and local community needs. We present<\/p><p class=\"p1\">published and unpublished findings pointing to the need for<\/p><p class=\"p1\">an integrated peatland protection and restoration strategy<\/p><p class=\"p1\">based first on raising water levels in degraded (drained)<\/p><p class=\"p1\">peatlands and maintaining them in forested peatlands, thus,<\/p><p class=\"p1\">reducing GHG emissions. Second, the strategy incorporates<\/p><p class=\"p1\">ecologically sound agroforestry business models that<\/p><p class=\"p1\">strengthen livelihoods of smallholders and so sustain<\/p><p class=\"p1\">their interest in sustainably managing the peatlands. In<\/p><p class=\"p1\">this paper, we focus on the second element of this strategy<\/p><p class=\"p1\">in Indonesia. Eight agroforestry business models are<\/p><p class=\"p1\">proposed based on their merits to attract both<\/p><p class=\"p1\">smallholders and commercial investors as well as their<\/p><p class=\"p1\">compatibility with hydrological rehabilitation of the<\/p><p class=\"p1\">peatlands. While financial returns on investment will vary<\/p><p class=\"p1\">across sites and countries, our analysis indicates that some<\/p><p class=\"p1\">models can be profitable over both short and longer time<\/p><p class=\"p1\">periods with relatively low levels of investment risk.<\/p><p class=\"p1\">Keywords Agroforestry <span class=\"s1\">\u2000 <\/span>Indonesia <span class=\"s1\">\u2000 <\/span>Investment <span class=\"s1\">\u2000<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p1\">Restoration <span class=\"s1\">\u2000 <\/span>Tropical peatlands<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b8e601e\" data-id=\"b8e601e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b18455 pp-buttons-valign-top pp-buttons-halign-center pp-buttons-stack-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-buttons\" data-id=\"0b18455\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"pp-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-buttons-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/ABSTRACT_Objective-1-Applegate-et-al.-2022-Application-of-agroforestry-business-models-to-tropical-peatland-restoration-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"pp-button elementor-button elementor-size-sm elementor-repeater-item-e8e7477 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-content-inner pp-icon-before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope-open-text\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tView Abstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7ad88f3 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"7ad88f3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b7af5f5\" data-id=\"b7af5f5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4c1f27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-advanced-accordion\" data-id=\"f4c1f27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;accordion_type&quot;:&quot;accordion&quot;,&quot;toggle_speed&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"pp-advanced-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-advanced-accordion pp-toggle-icon-align-right\" id=\"pp-advanced-accordion-f4c1f27\" data-accordion-id=\"f4c1f27\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-2561\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-2561\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-tab-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFire prevention in managed landscapes: Recent success and challenges in Indonesia\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-2561\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-2561\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Description<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f8757f7\" data-id=\"f8757f7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3344b9 pp-buttons-halign-center pp-buttons-valign-middle pp-buttons-stack-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-buttons\" data-id=\"c3344b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"pp-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-buttons-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Sloans-et-al-2021-abstract-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"pp-button elementor-button elementor-size-sm elementor-repeater-item-e8e7477 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-content-inner pp-icon-before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope-open-text\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tView Abstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-30df104 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"30df104\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7077588\" data-id=\"7077588\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b26701e elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-advanced-accordion\" data-id=\"b26701e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;accordion_type&quot;:&quot;accordion&quot;,&quot;toggle_speed&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"pp-advanced-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-advanced-accordion pp-toggle-icon-align-right\" id=\"pp-advanced-accordion-b26701e\" data-accordion-id=\"b26701e\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1871\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-tab-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEnforcement and compliance with the no-burning policy on villagers in Indonesia\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1871\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1871\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p2\">A B S T R A C T Wildfires, including on carbon-rich peatlands, continue to haunt Indonesia every dry season. They have disastrous health, economic, environmental, and climate consequences. As a key measure to manage wildfires, laws strictly prohibit the burning of land and forests, targeting corporate and individual fire users. The literature suggests that weak law enforcement contributes to Indonesia\u2019s persistent wildfires but it lacks systematic analysis. Centred on villagers, this research examines 1) how enforcement of the burning prohibition plays out in practice, by analysing each step along the enforcement chain, and 2) how enforcement has shaped villagers\u2019 compliance with the fire rules, and implications for them. We interviewed villagers and enforcement agents and analysed court documents of the year 2019 fire cases. We focused on two fire-prone provinces with extensive peatlands, South Sumatra and Central Kalimantan. We found that some villagers have complied and ceased burning, while others have continued to use fire to maintain their livelihoods. Enforcement contributed to fire prevention, but may have also increased fire risks thus limiting the prevention effect. A multitude of challenges, including physical obstacles, resource constraints, and governance reduced enforcement effectiveness. Key to enforcement is legitimacy of the rule being enforced from the perspective of both enforcement agents and target actors. Investments are required to support viable alternative no-burning cropping methods. At the same time, public awareness raising and long-term education are essential for accidental fire prevention and the reduction of overall enforcement costs.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f2585c6\" data-id=\"f2585c6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33d9d2e pp-buttons-valign-top pp-buttons-halign-center pp-buttons-stack-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-buttons\" data-id=\"33d9d2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"pp-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-buttons-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/ABSTRACT_Objective-4-Resosudarmo-et-al.-2023-Enforcement-and-compliance-with-the-no-burning-policy-on-villagers-in-Indonesia-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"pp-button elementor-button elementor-size-sm elementor-repeater-item-e8e7477 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-content-inner pp-icon-before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope-open-text\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tView Abstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-234305d elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-items-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"234305d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e211fb8\" data-id=\"e211fb8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dad4b43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-advanced-accordion\" data-id=\"dad4b43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;accordion_type&quot;:&quot;accordion&quot;,&quot;toggle_speed&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"pp-advanced-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-advanced-accordion pp-toggle-icon-align-right\" id=\"pp-advanced-accordion-dad4b43\" data-accordion-id=\"dad4b43\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-2291\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-2291\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-tab-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKnowledge systems approaches for enhancing project impacts in complex settings: community fire management and peatland restoration in Indonesia\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-2291\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-2291\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\">Abstract<\/p><p class=\"p2\">Knowledge systems approaches for enhancing the impact of research are well established and tend to focus on the ways<\/p><p class=\"p2\">in which researchers can adapt their engagement with stakeholders to achieve a better \u201cfit\u201d between research and action<\/p><p class=\"p2\">agendas. Yet, these approaches are often based on explicit or implicit assumptions of a skilled and willing research team,<\/p><p class=\"p2\">and stable and well-defined stakeholders, who have consistent and reasonably well-defined needs. This paper discusses how<\/p><p class=\"p2\">knowledge systems approaches were developed and deployed in the first phase of the Gambut Kita (Our Peatland) project<\/p><p class=\"p2\">on community fire management and peatland restoration in Indonesia (2017\u20132021). This was a complex project with a large<\/p><p class=\"p2\">multi-disciplinary team situated across dynamic institutions in Indonesia and Australia, and addressing a politically controversial<\/p><p class=\"p2\">topic. To capture the diverse experience of the researchers, and to focus on the needs of stakeholders, we developed a<\/p><p class=\"p2\">sequence of whole-of-project approaches comprising the following: (i) stakeholder mapping exercises at three nested scales<\/p><p class=\"p2\">combining stakeholder analysis, knowledge systems mapping and impact pathways analysis; (ii) a project coordinating committee<\/p><p class=\"p2\">of high-level Indonesian policy-makers and policy-influencers; (iii) a stakeholder engagement forum and (iv) online<\/p><p class=\"p2\">policy dialogues. We demonstrate its effects through the case of developing an Indonesian Peat Fire Danger Rating System<\/p><p class=\"p2\">(Peat FDRS), as a core project deliverable. Over 4 years, these structured stakeholder engagement processes gave rise to a<\/p><p class=\"p2\">Peat FDRS Stakeholder Engagement Network (a multi-institutional working group), which is making significant progress<\/p><p class=\"p2\">in navigating the complexity inherent in realising an accurate Indonesian Peat FDRS.<\/p><p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Keywords <\/span>Peatland fire \u00b7 Impact pathways \u00b7 Indonesia \u00b7 Policy \u00b7 Stakeholder engagement \u00b7 Stakeholder mapping<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d9fe9fc\" data-id=\"d9fe9fc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78b3caf pp-buttons-valign-top pp-buttons-halign-center pp-buttons-stack-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-buttons\" data-id=\"78b3caf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"pp-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-buttons-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/ABSTRACT_Objective-5-Robins-et-al.-2022-Knowledge-systems-approaches-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"pp-button elementor-button elementor-size-sm elementor-repeater-item-e8e7477 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-content-inner pp-icon-before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope-open-text\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tView Abstract\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-58a0cbe elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"58a0cbe\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c634b98\" data-id=\"c634b98\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7670fe0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-advanced-accordion\" data-id=\"7670fe0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;accordion_type&quot;:&quot;accordion&quot;,&quot;toggle_speed&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"pp-advanced-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-advanced-accordion pp-toggle-icon-align-right\" id=\"pp-advanced-accordion-7670fe0\" data-accordion-id=\"7670fe0\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1241\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1241\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-tab-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMaking Landscapes Negotiable: Q-methodology as a Boundary-Spanning and Empowering Diagnostic\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1241\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1241\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Landscapes are conceptually fuzzy and rich, and subject to plural framings. They are places of inquiry and intervention for scientists and practitioners, but also concepts bound to peoples\u2019 dynamic identities, knowledge systems, inspiration, and well-being. These varying interpretations change the way landscapes function and evolve. Developed in the 1930s, Q-methodology is increasingly recognized for being useful in documenting and interrogating environmental discourses. Yet its application in the context of how integrated landscape approaches better navigate land-use dilemmas is still in its infancy. Based on our experience and emerging literature, such as the papers in this special collection, this article discusses the value of Q-methodology in addressing landscape sustainability issues. Q-methodology helps unravel and communicate common and contradicting landscape imaginaries and narratives in translational and boundary-spanning ways, thus bridging actors\u2019 different understandings of problems and solutions and revealing common or differentiated entry points for negotiating trade-offs between competing land uses. The methodology can be empowering for marginalized people by uncovering their views and aspirational values to decision-makers and policymakers. We argue that this potential can be further strengthened by using Q to identify counter-hegemonic discourses and alliances that combat injustices regarding whose knowledge and visions count. In this way, applying Q-methodology in integrated landscape approaches can become a key tool for transitioning toward just, inclusive, and sustainable landscapes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f3612d1\" data-id=\"f3612d1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fd2332 pp-buttons-valign-top pp-buttons-halign-center pp-buttons-stack-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-buttons\" data-id=\"7fd2332\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"pp-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-buttons-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/s00267-024-02004-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"pp-button elementor-button elementor-size-sm elementor-repeater-item-e8e7477 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-content-inner pp-icon-before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope-open-text\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tView Document\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5144614 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-items-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5144614\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2f1414\" data-id=\"c2f1414\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dec0909 elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-advanced-accordion\" data-id=\"dec0909\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;accordion_type&quot;:&quot;accordion&quot;,&quot;toggle_speed&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"pp-advanced-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-advanced-accordion pp-toggle-icon-align-right\" id=\"pp-advanced-accordion-dec0909\" data-accordion-id=\"dec0909\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-2331\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-2331\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-tab-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUnveiling economic dimensions of peatland restoration in Indonesia: A systematic literature review\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-2331\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-2331\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\">Abstract<\/p><p>Indonesian peatlands play a critical role in global carbon storage and biodiversity conservation, but they face significant ongoing threat of degradation and loss due to human-induced pressures, including the development of industrial plantations, agricultural expansion, extractive forestry practices, and recurrent fires. The imperative to restore these peatlands is significant, but the restoration effort has, so far, been underwhelming. This paper systematically reviews studies that have assessed the economic costs and benefits of peatland restoration in Indonesia. It summarizes the substantial economic stakes involved in peatland restoration efforts, ranging from millions to billions of dollars. The collective findings emphasize the significant costs required for restoration, alongside the potential economic benefits derived from environmental conservation, climate change mitigation, and sustainable land management. These economic valuations are complemented by a holistic consideration of ecological, social, and cultural factors, providing valuable insights for policymakers and decision-makers. However, while these studies have offered valuable insights into various aspects such as local preferences, willingness to pay, financial costs, and potential economic benefits, none have comprehensively explored the potential trade-offs or forgone opportunities resulting from the proposed restoration programs. This is a critical gap in current research and practice. We illustrate the need for more systemic learning about how peatlands are valued to advance a transition towards healthier peatlands in Indonesia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a1eb1f7\" data-id=\"a1eb1f7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c14a7d7 pp-buttons-valign-top pp-buttons-halign-center pp-buttons-stack-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-buttons\" data-id=\"c14a7d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"pp-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-buttons-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Systematic-peatland-lit-review.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"pp-button elementor-button elementor-size-sm elementor-repeater-item-e8e7477 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-content-inner pp-icon-before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope-open-text\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-button-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tView Document\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4423266 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4423266\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;shape_divider_bottom&quot;:&quot;mountains&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shape elementor-shape-bottom\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-negative=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 100\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\">\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" opacity=\"0.33\" d=\"M473,67.3c-203.9,88.3-263.1-34-320.3,0C66,119.1,0,59.7,0,59.7V0h1000v59.7 c0,0-62.1,26.1-94.9,29.3c-32.8,3.3-62.8-12.3-75.8-22.1C806,49.6,745.3,8.7,694.9,4.7S492.4,59,473,67.3z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" opacity=\"0.66\" d=\"M734,67.3c-45.5,0-77.2-23.2-129.1-39.1c-28.6-8.7-150.3-10.1-254,39.1 s-91.7-34.4-149.2,0C115.7,118.3,0,39.8,0,39.8V0h1000v36.5c0,0-28.2-18.5-92.1-18.5C810.2,18.1,775.7,67.3,734,67.3z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M766.1,28.9c-200-57.5-266,65.5-395.1,19.5C242,1.8,242,5.4,184.8,20.6C128,35.8,132.3,44.9,89.9,52.5C28.6,63.7,0,0,0,0 h1000c0,0-9.9,40.9-83.6,48.1S829.6,47,766.1,28.9z\"\/>\n<\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c190ce8\" data-id=\"c190ce8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb13372 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"cb13372\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-wobble-horizontal\" href=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/resources\/#communication\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-book-open\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">view more resources<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdfd748 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fdfd748\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-909148a\" data-id=\"909148a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PublicationsRESOURCES Finding Common Ground: Developing a Shared Understanding of Tropical Peatswamp Forest Restoration and Fires Across Culture, Language, and Discipline HIGHLIGHTS \u2022 Adaptive doing was utilised for developing a shared understanding, of tropical peatswamp restoration and fire in Indonesia. \u2022 Research participants described different understanding of tropical peatswamp forests and fire. \u2022 Participants\u2019 experiences, training, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1913,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-281","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Publications &amp; Links - Gambut Kita<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/en\/publications-links\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Publications &amp; Links - Gambut Kita\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"PublicationsRESOURCES Finding Common Ground: Developing a Shared Understanding of Tropical Peatswamp Forest Restoration and Fires Across Culture, Language, and Discipline HIGHLIGHTS \u2022 Adaptive doing was utilised for developing a shared understanding, of tropical peatswamp restoration and fire in Indonesia. \u2022 Research participants described different understanding of tropical peatswamp forests and fire. \u2022 Participants\u2019 experiences, training, [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/en\/publications-links\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Gambut Kita\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-01-10T02:05:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Featured-Images-Publications.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"780\" \/>\n\t<meta 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