{"id":4961,"date":"2022-10-19T08:36:15","date_gmt":"2022-10-19T08:36:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/?p=4961"},"modified":"2025-05-27T07:07:11","modified_gmt":"2025-05-27T07:07:11","slug":"tropical-peat-soils-under-different-land-uses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/id\/tropical-peat-soils-under-different-land-uses\/","title":{"rendered":"TANAH GAMBUT TROPIS DI BAWAH PENGGUNAAN LAHAN YANG BERBEDA"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Sudah diakui secara luas bahwa lahan gambut tropis memainkan peran penting dalam keseimbangan karbon global. Cadangan dan fluks karbon telah menjadi fokus perhatian penelitian yang semakin meningkat karena emisi gas rumah kaca dari lahan gambut, serta potensinya untuk bertindak sebagai penyerap karbon, telah mendapatkan perhatian internasional di forum-forum seperti pembicaraan COP dan laporan IPCC.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Hutan rawa gambut tropis yang utuh di Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Lahan gambut tropis terbentuk oleh akumulasi vegetasi yang sebagian membusuk di bawah kondisi tergenang air, di mana kekurangan oksigen membatasi dekomposisi bahan organik.<\/p>

Drainase lahan gambut mempercepat degradasi tanah gambut dengan menurunkan permukaan air dan dengan demikian meningkatkan ketebalan lapisan gambut oksidatif. Drainase dan konversi lahan gambut alami meningkatkan frekuensi kebakaran, polusi udara kabut dan emisi karbon.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Meskipun demikian, pertumbuhan populasi manusia yang cepat di Asia Tenggara telah menyebabkan peningkatan drainase ekosistem lahan gambut alami untuk konversi ke penggunaan pertanian. Drainase lahan gambut menurunkan permukaan air, sehingga meningkatkan ketebalan lapisan gambut yang terkena oksidasi. Pengeringan menyebabkan penyusutan bahan organik, mengakibatkan kompresi lapisan gambut. Kombinasi oksidasi, penyusutan dan pemadatan menyebabkan penurunan permukaan tanah.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Akibat degradasi proses kimia dan fisik lahan gambut tersebut, Peraturan Pemerintah Indonesia No. 57 (2016) tentang perlindungan dan pengelolaan ekosistem gambut menetapkan bahwa lahan gambut dianggap rusak jika muka air tanah lebih dari 40 cm di bawah permukaan tanah<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Ilmuwan tanah Gambut Kita menyelidiki sifat kimia dan fisik gambut seperti kerapatan curah, pH, konduktivitas listrik (EC), dan kapasitas tukar kation <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Studi tentang dampak drainase pada tanah gambut dimulai pada awal tahun 2000-an, sebagai tanggapan atas drainase ekstensif dan konversi lahan gambut alami yang terjadi selama periode ini.<\/p>

Studi tentang pengaruh drainase pada tanah gambut diperlukan untuk mengembangkan strategi restorasi, meningkatkan manajemen konservasi, dan mengurangi kebakaran dan emisi karbon.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Ilmuwan tanah Gambut Kita mengambil sampel tanah pada interval kedalaman yang berbeda<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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  • permukaan air hampir sepanjang tahun. Pada tingkat ini, proses kimia dan fisika seperti oksidasi, penyusutan dan pemadatan diperkirakan akan lebih banyak terjadi akibat perubahan kondisi hidrologi.<\/li>
  • Interval kedalaman kedua, 40\u201380 cm, adalah wilayah di mana ketinggian air berfluktuasi sepanjang tahun dan menyebabkan jenuh sementara, terutama di musim hujan.<\/li>
  • Interval ketiga, kedalaman > 80 cm, adalah wilayah yang diperkirakan akan jenuh air hampir sepanjang tahun; pengecualian adalah lahan gambut yang dikeringkan selama tahun El ino, di mana permukaan air dapat turun lebih dari 1 m.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Berdasarkan literatur ilmiah, kedalaman 80 cm merupakan muka air rata-rata di lapangan, terutama di lahan gambut yang dikeringkan atau di vegetasi tahunan yang dikelola. Sebagai contoh, penelitian yang dilakukan di perkebunan kelapa sawit dan akasia Asia Tenggara mencatat ketinggian air rata-rata antara 68 dan 91 cm di bawah permukaan. Hal ini karena Akasia yang tumbuh di lahan gambut membutuhkan ketinggian air antara 70 dan 90 cm di bawah permukaan untuk mendukung produktivitas.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, pendekatan pengelolaan lahan gambut baru, 'eko-hidro,' telah dipromosikan oleh beberapa pelaku industri dan akademisi. Diusulkan agar ketinggian air di perkebunan dikelola antara 50 dan 80 cm di bawah permukaan gambut untuk meminimalkan penurunan muka tanah dan mengurangi emisi karbon.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Untuk tinjauan studi terbaru tentang tanah gambut tropis di bawah penggunaan lahan yang berbeda, silakan lihat makalah lengkap: Kunarso, A., Bonner, M.T.L., Blanch, E.W. et al. Differences in Tropical Peat Soil Physical and Chemical Properties Under Different Land Uses: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42729-022-01008-2<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Pertumbuhan populasi manusia yang cepat di Asia Tenggara telah menyebabkan peningkatan drainase ekosistem lahan gambut alami untuk konversi ke penggunaan pertanian. Drainase lahan gambut menurunkan permukaan air, sehingga meningkatkan ketebalan lapisan gambut yang terkena oksidasi. Pengeringan menyebabkan penyusutan bahan organik, mengakibatkan kompresi lapisan gambut. Kombinasi oksidasi, penyusutan dan pemadatan menyebabkan penurunan permukaan tanah.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":1464,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4961","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nTropical Peat Soils Under Different Land Uses - Gambut Kita<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/id\/tropical-peat-soils-under-different-land-uses\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tropical Peat Soils Under Different Land Uses - Gambut Kita\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Rapid human population growth in Southeast Asia has led to increasing drainage of natural peatland ecosystems for conversion to agricultural use. 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