{"id":5310,"date":"2023-05-19T17:10:10","date_gmt":"2023-05-19T17:10:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/?p=5310"},"modified":"2025-05-27T04:37:19","modified_gmt":"2025-05-27T04:37:19","slug":"rewetting-and-restoring-the-sebangau-national-park","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/id\/rewetting-and-restoring-the-sebangau-national-park\/","title":{"rendered":"Pembasahan dan Pemulihan Taman Nasional Sebangau"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Gambut Kita baru-baru ini bertemu dengan para peneliti di Universitas Palangka Raya yang telah bekerja dalam proyek ini untuk mengukur peningkatan tingkat pengasaman gambut dan emisi karbon akibat kebakaran lahan gambut di Taman Nasional Sebangau.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Taman nasional ini memiliki luas 568.700 hektar dan terletak tepat di seberang sungai dari Kota Palangka Raya. Dengan demikian, kami menemukan bahwa selama bertahun-tahun, universitas ini telah memainkan peran penting dalam membasahi dan merestorasi kawasan konservasi Hutan Rawa Gambut yang penting ini.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Tim komunikasi kami berangkat dari Palangka Raya bersama dengan tim patroli<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Pada bulan April lalu, tim kami bertemu dengan Muhammad Idrus (Pak Idrus), koordinator hidrologi Borneo Nature Foundation (BNF), sebuah organisasi lokal yang bertanggung jawab untuk melindungi Laboratorium Alam Hutan Gambut (LAHG) di lahan seluas 50.000 hektar. Tanggung jawab ini dibagi dengan Unit Pelaksana Teknis (UPT) universitas dan CIMTROP, yang berkolaborasi bersama untuk menyekat kanal dan melakukan kegiatan penelitian hutan di LAHG.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Sebagian besar wilayah Taman Nasional Sebangau terletak di dalam Kota Palangka Raya<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Saat kami menyeberangi Sungai Sebangau, Pak Idrus menjelaskan mengapa kanal-kanal tersebut digali: \"Hampir tidak mungkin untuk membawa kayu mentah keluar dari hutan rawa gambut kecuali dengan adanya kanal,\" ucap Pak Idrus. Namun, kanal-kanal tersebut menguras kandungan air dari permukaan tanah, sehingga sangat mudah untuk memicu kebakaran hutan. Di kawasan LAHG saja, terdapat 22 kanal dengan panjang yang bervariasi. \"Kanal terpanjang yang kami temukan adalah sepanjang 12 kilometer,\" kata Pak Idrus.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Perubahan ke Arah Konservasi dan Penelitian<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Pak Idrus juga berbicara tentang perubahan positif yang ia saksikan, setelah melihat pergeseran yang jelas dalam penggunaan area tersebut, dari penebangan liar, menjadi konservasi dan penelitian. Diberi izin untuk penebangan komersial pada tahun 1970-an, 80-an dan 90-an, hutan rawa gambut ini kemudian semakin terdegradasi akibat pembalakan liar dan pembangunan kanal-kanal drainase untuk mengangkut kayu bulat. Namun dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, lebih banyak perhatian diberikan untuk melindungi taman nasional dengan menyekat kanal dan memulihkan hidrologi alami yang menjadi tumpuan ekosistem.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Pagar pembatas ini tetap terjaga dan membatasi masuknya orang luar masuk ke dalam taman<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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As a member of the LAHG patrol team, Pak Idrus is responsible for monitoring the state of the many box dams that have been installed to block the canals and slow the flow of water. Box dams hold back the water flow by creating a partial barrier or blockade in each canal.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Menggunakan Bahan Konstruksi Lokal<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Pak Idrus memberi tahu kami bahwa ada tiga jenis kayu yang biasa digunakan untuk membuat bendungan kotak. Jenis kayu tersebut adalah galam, benuas, dan belangeran. Meskipun belangeran adalah jenis kayu terbaik, namun sekarang sudah cukup langka. Dan meskipun galam adalah jenis kayu yang cukup tahan terhadap air, namun sangat sulit untuk digunakan. Untuk alasan ini, benuas paling sering digunakan, karena dapat menahan pembusukan hingga lima tahun. Ia melanjutkan bahwa setiap bendungan harus diperbaiki jika mengalami kerusakan. \"Lebih dari 800 perbaikan telah dilakukan dari tahun 2005 hingga 2023. Setiap kanal membutuhkan banyak sekat, dan sebuah kanal dengan panjang 8 kilometer mungkin membutuhkan sebanyak 16 sekat,\" katanya.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bendungan kotak ini terbuat dari spesies kayu keras lokal yang dikenal sebagai benuas<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Konstruksi bendungan kotak membutuhkan pemahaman yang baik tentang kondisi lapangan hidrologi alami. Konstruksi bendungan dibagi menjadi dua bagian: mobilisasi material dan konstruksi bendungan. Material dibawa ketika air naik, dan konstruksi dilakukan ketika air surut. Dengan demikian, kondisi alam sangat menentukan dalam penyekatan kanal; jika air pasang, pekerjaan harus dihentikan. Jika air surut, material akan sulit untuk dimobilisasi. Inilah tantangan terbesar yang dihadapi saat menyekat kanal.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bendungan kotak ini berukuran kecil kecil tetapi berfungsi dengan baik<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Membangun sekat kanal juga mahal. Sekat kanal terdiri dari tiga ukuran: Tipe 1 (lebar 1,5 - 2 m) seharga 12 juta rupiah; sedangkan tipe 2 (lebar 2,5 - 3 m) seharga 18 juta rupiah, dan tipe 3 (lebar 3 - 4 m) seharga 24 juta rupiah. Area LAHG hanya menggunakan Tipe 1.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Melibatkan Masyarakat<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Melibatkan masyarakat dalam membangun sekat kanal sangat penting, baik untuk mengedukasi mereka tentang pentingnya hutan rawa gambut, maupun untuk menciptakan rasa memiliki masyarakat setempat. \"Kami selalu melibatkan masyarakat setempat dalam pembuatan sekat kanal, bahkan terkadang kami juga melibatkan mantan penebang liar, untuk memberikan kesempatan kepada mereka untuk memperbaiki perilakunya,\" ujar Idrus.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Namun, penerimaan masyarakat terhadap sekat kanal merupakan proses yang bertahap. Idrus mengatakan bahwa di masa lalu, banyak masyarakat yang merusak atau menghancurkan sekat kanal agar dapat terus membawa kayu mentah dari hutan. Namun, tampaknya, karena masyarakat sekarang mendapatkan manfaat ekonomi langsung dari pembangunan sekat kanal, mereka juga berperan aktif dalam memeliharanya.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Pak Idrus dan rekan-rekannya adalah pahlawan tanpa tanda jasa di Taman Nasional Sebangau<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pak Idrus juga berbicara tentang perubahan positif yang ia saksikan, setelah melihat pergeseran yang jelas dalam penggunaan area tersebut, dari penebangan liar, menjadi konservasi dan penelitian. Diberi izin untuk penebangan komersial pada tahun 1970-an, 80-an dan 90-an, hutan rawa gambut ini kemudian semakin terdegradasi akibat pembalakan liar dan pembangunan kanal-kanal drainase untuk mengangkut kayu bulat. Namun dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, lebih banyak perhatian diberikan untuk melindungi taman nasional dengan menyekat kanal dan memulihkan hidrologi alami yang menjadi tumpuan ekosistem.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":5324,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5310","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nRewetting and Restoring the Sebangau National Park - Gambut Kita<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/id\/rewetting-and-restoring-the-sebangau-national-park\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rewetting and Restoring the Sebangau National Park - Gambut Kita\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pak Idrus also spoke about the positive change he has witnessed, having seen a definite shift in the use of the area, from illegal logging, to conservation and research. 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