{"id":5542,"date":"2023-07-20T09:00:23","date_gmt":"2023-07-20T09:00:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/?p=5542"},"modified":"2025-05-27T04:23:05","modified_gmt":"2025-05-27T04:23:05","slug":"in-search-of-peat-friendly-land-use","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/id\/in-search-of-peat-friendly-land-use\/","title":{"rendered":"Menyelidiki Penggunaan Lahan Ramah Gambut"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Pada bulan Mei 2023, tim Gambut Kita mengunjungi berbagai lokasi lapangan proyek di Kabupaten Pulang Pisau, Kalimantan Tengah, sebelum melanjutkan kunjungan ke lokasi penelitian lainnya di Sumatera Selatan. Tim ini terdiri dari para peneliti dari CSIRO, BRIN, BSI, sejumlah universitas di Australia dan Indonesia, Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation (BOSF), dan Yayasan Tambuhak Sinta (YTS).<\/p>

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Perhentian Pertama: Area Rehabilitasi Hutan<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kunjungan pertama adalah kantor KHDTK di Desa Tumbang Nusa, di mana Kawasan Hutan Dengan Tujuan Khusus (KHDTK) yang luas telah ditetapkan, serta tempat pembibitan besar milik kantor BP DAS Kahayan. Pembibitan ini membudidayakan berbagai jenis pohon, seperti sengon, jelutung, meranti, ketapang, dan durian. Kantor BP DAS mempekerjakan banyak perempuan lokal untuk bekerja di pembibitan tersebut. Kantor KHDTK juga menyediakan peralatan dan pelatihan bagi Masyarakat Peduli Api (MPA) setempat.Kawasan Hutan Dengan Tujuan Khusus<\/em>) has been established, as well as a large seedling nursery which belongs to the BP DAS Kahayan office. The nursery cultivates various types of trees, such as Sengon, Jelutung, Meranti, Ketapang, and Durian. The BP DAS office provides many local women with paid work in the nursery. The KHDTK office also provides equipment and training to the local Fire Care Communities (MPA<\/em>).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Para peneliti GK sangat senang dapat berkumpul bersama di lapangan sekali lagi<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Meskipun separuh dari area hutan penelitian ini hancur akibat kebakaran pada tahun 2015, separuh hutan tersisa yang telah diregenerasi berhasil dilindungi dari kebakaran selama 20 tahun terakhir. Di sini, para peneliti GK menemukan bahwa dua sentimeter gambut telah terbentuk di atas lapisan arang dari 20 tahun yang lalu. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa gambut dapat terbentuk dengan baik dan realistis jika lanskap berhutan dikelola agar tidak terus terbakar setiap musim kebakaran.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Profesor Acep Akbar menjelaskan bagaimana hutan beregenerasi secara perlahan tanpa adanya kebakaran<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Namun, salah satu temuan utama proyek hingga saat ini adalah bahwa restorasi hutan gambut tidak terjadi secara substansial di Indonesia, sebagian karena adanya kesenjangan antara prioritas restorasi nasional dan internasional dengan kebutuhan masyarakat lokal dan petani akan opsi mata pencaharian yang menguntungkan. Untuk memecahkan maslah ini, diperlukan dukungan terhadap mata pencaharian masyarakat lokal yang dapat menumbuhkan tutupan vegetasi yang permanen dan produktif di seluruh lanskap.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Perhentian Kedua: Demonstrasi Plot (Demplot) Uji Coba Lapangan<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kebakaran hutan dan lahan gambut sering kali diakibatkan oleh petani dan perusahaan skala kecil, yang menggunakan api sebagai cara yang murah untuk membuka lahan, dan juga untuk mengklaim lahan. Kebakaran kecil juga dapat dengan mudah menjadi tidak terkendali karena lahan gambut yang dikeringkan sangat mudah terbakar selama musim kemarau. Oleh karena itu, ada kebutuhan mendesak akan solusi untuk menjaga lahan gambut tetap basah.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lahan gambut yang basah dan sehat merupakan satu-satunya jalur berkelanjutan untuk mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca, kebakaran dan degradasi lahan gambut, serta mencegah hilangnya mata pencaharian. Revegetasi dengan spesies asli yang beradaptasi dengan kondisi lahan basah juga membantu menghindari masalah kesuburan tanah gambut yang rendah dan spesies invasif. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini, uji coba lapangan Gambut Kita menggunakan berbagai spesies asli di demplot GK di Kalimantan Tengah.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Hanya Shorea Balangeran yang selamat dari genangan air banjir secara berkala<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Di sini, satu-satunya spesies yang bertahan hidup adalah Shorea Balangeran<\/em> \u2013 semua spesies lainnya berujung mati karena terendam banjir musiman. Hasil yang jelas ini menyoroti sifat utama dari masalah yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat yang tinggal di lahan gambut, yaitu bahwa semua spesies pertanian dan silvikultur harus mampu bertahan dari penggenangan berkala, karena lahan gambut harus selalu dipertahankan dalam keadaan basah.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Perhentian Ketiga: Perkebunan Petani Kecil<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Terdapat berbagai jenis petani kecil di Indonesia, dan setiap kelompok memiliki preferensi yang berbeda dalam mencari nafkah. Di Sumatera Selatan, GK menemukan bahwa petani kecil tetap sangat tertarik pada kelapa sawit, meskipun ada implikasi negatif terhadap pelestarian lahan gambut karena persyaratan untuk drainase. Di Kalimantan, GK menemukan bahwa masyarakat asli Dayak lebih memilih untuk mengejar berbagai strategi mata pencaharian yang beragam, yang umumnya didasarkan pada produksi beras skala kecil, berburu, memancing, menebang hutan, dan produksi karet.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Tim mengunjungi kebun karet tradisional di lahan gambut<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Di Kalimantan Tengah, menyadap karet adalah kegiatan mata pencaharian tradisional yang telah bertahan dari waktu ke waktu. Keluarga yang tinggal di lahan gambut umumnya memiliki kebun karet yang diwariskan secara turun-temurun. Kebun karet merupakan aset produktif dan memiliki keanekaragaman hayati yang dapat disadap berualng kali untuk mendapatkan penghasilan yang dapat diandalkan. Penelitian kami menunjukkan bahwa kualitas lateks dapat ditingkatkan melalui program pelatihan yang mengarah pada harga yang lebih tinggi di tingkat petani. Kebun karet yang dikelola secara aktif dapat membantu mencegah kebakaran dan berfungsi sebagai zona penyangga bagi kawasan hutan.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Tim kemudian mengunjungi perkebunan kelapa sawit milik petani kecil. Kelapa sawit saat ini merupakan pilihan mata pencaharian yang paling diminati oleh masyarakat yang tinggal di lahan gambut di Sumatera dan Kalimantan. Namun, perkebunan kelapa sawit tidak sesuai dengan restorasi lahan gambut yang berkelanjutan karena mengharuskan gambut dikeringkan, sehingga membuat bentang alam lebih rentan terhadap kebakaran antropogenik di musim kemarau, serta oksidasi dan pelepasan CO2<\/sub> sepanjang tahun. Sementara sistem lahan gambut alami bersifat basah dan tahan terhadap kebakaran, pengeringan gambut untuk mendukung kegiatan seperti produksi kelapa sawit menyebabkan tanah gambut mengering, sehingga lingkungan lahan gambut menjadi rentan terhadap risiko kebakaran yang membakar gambut itu sendiri.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Tim mengunjungi perkebunan kelapa sawit rakyat di lahan gambut<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Meskipun tim proyek Gambut Kita telah berfokus untuk memahami opsi-opsi mata pencaharian utama berbasis lahan hingga saat ini, telah menjadi jelas bahwa ketergantungan yang berlebihan pada opsi-opsi berbasis lahan di lahan basah berpotensi meningkatkan kerentanan masyarakat, terutama di bawah perubahan iklim dan risiko kebakaran dan banjir yang lebih tinggi. Sementara masyarakat lahan gambut tetap terpapar pada bahaya kembar kebakaran dan banjir, kemungkinan besar mereka akan tetap fokus pada kehidupan sehari-hari mereka daripada prioritas jangka panjang restorasi lahan gambut.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Terdapat berbagai jenis petani kecil di Indonesia, dan setiap kelompok memiliki preferensi yang berbeda dalam mencari nafkah. Di Sumatera Selatan, GK menemukan bahwa petani kecil tetap sangat tertarik pada kelapa sawit, meskipun ada implikasi negatif terhadap pelestarian lahan gambut karena persyaratan untuk drainase. Di Kalimantan, GK menemukan bahwa masyarakat asli Dayak lebih memilih untuk mengejar berbagai strategi mata pencaharian yang beragam, yang umumnya didasarkan pada produksi beras skala kecil, berburu, memancing, menebang hutan, dan produksi karet.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":5544,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5542","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nIn Search of Peat-Friendly Land Use - Gambut Kita<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/id\/in-search-of-peat-friendly-land-use\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"In Search of Peat-Friendly Land Use - Gambut Kita\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Many different types of smallholders exist in Indonesia, and different groups have different preferences as to how to make a living. In South Sumatra, GK finds that smallholders remain strongly attracted to oil palm, despite the negative implications for peatland preservation due to the requirements for drainage. 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