{"id":5795,"date":"2024-08-06T08:24:01","date_gmt":"2024-08-06T08:24:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/?p=5795"},"modified":"2025-05-27T02:27:52","modified_gmt":"2025-05-27T02:27:52","slug":"riau-ecosystem-restoration-project-takes-a-unique-production-protection-approach-to-peatland-restoration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/id\/riau-ecosystem-restoration-project-takes-a-unique-production-protection-approach-to-peatland-restoration\/","title":{"rendered":"Proyek Restorasi Ekosistem Riau menggunakan pendekatan produksi-perlindungan yang unik untuk restorasi lahan gambut"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Pada akhir April 2024, tim Gambut Kita mengunjungi proyek Restorasi Ekosistem Riau (RER) di Sumatra. Kunjungan ini merupakan kesempatan bagi unit-unit dalam tim peneliti untuk saling memberikan informasi terbaru mengenai perkembangan pembuatan strategi restorasi lahan gambut di lokasi yang sangat terkait dengan proyek tersebut. RER didirikan pada tahun 2013 oleh Asia Pacific Resources International Holdings Limited (APRIL), salah satu produsen pulp dan kertas terbesar di dunia. Pada awalnya, Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan memberikan izin konsesi restorasi ekosistem (ERC) untuk hutan gambut 20.265 hektar. Sebelum ERC diluncurkan, kawasan tersebut mengalami degradasi selama bertahun-tahun sejak tahun 1970-an akibat penebangan komersial dan ilegal, pembuatan kanal-kanal drainase yang menurunkan muka air tanah, serta kebakaran yang tidak terkendali untuk membuka lahan.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Tim Gambut Kita di Eco-Reseach Camp RER.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Di tahun 2015 di COP21, APRIL mengumumkan bahwa mereka akan memberikan komitmen sebesar US$100 juta untuk upaya konservasi dan restorasi RER dalam jangka waktu 10 tahun dan telah memperluas RER menjadi 150.693 hektar, yang terdiri dari tiga area konsesi di Semenanjung Kampar, yang membentuk satu hutan yang terhubung, serta satu area konsesi di Pulau Padang. Seperti yang terlihat pada peta di bawah ini, RER sebagian besar dikelilingi oleh perkebunan yang berfungsi sebagai zona penyangga dari gangguan manusia terhadap area restorasi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Peta area konsesi di Semenanjung Kampar dan Pulau Padang. <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Pencapaian<\/h2>

Dalam satu dekade sejak didirikan, RER telah meraih beberapa pencapaian. Salah satunya adalah penilaian kesehatan hutan pada tahun 2019 dengan menggunakan Indeks Vegetasi Diferensial Ternormalisasi (NDVI). Indeks ini mengukur kapasitas fotosintesis hutan dengan mengukur rasio cahaya terlihat yang diserap terhadap cahaya inframerah dekat (near infrared) yang dipantulkan oleh daun. Pemantauan tahunan dari tahun 2012 hingga 2018 menunjukkan bahwa hutan menjadi lebih hijau sejak dikelola oleh RER. Untuk mempercepat regenerasi alami kawasan hutan yang terdegradasi berat, bibit dari hutan di sekitarnya disimpan di persemaian dan dipindahkan ke lokasi ketika mencapai ketinggian tertentu. Pemantauan tanaman dan hewan yang menghuni hutan merupakan komponen penting dalam restorasi. Pada bulan Maret 2020, seekor harimau Sumatra diselamatkan dari perangkap, direhabilitasi, dan berhasil dilepasliarkan kembali ke alam liar. Hal ini merupakan upaya kolaboratif antara APRIL dan Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. Pencapaian lainnya adalah studi dasar keanekaragaman hayati pada tahun 2021 oleh Flora dan Fauna. Sebanyak 846 spesies diidentifikasi, dan kemudian jumlahnya meningkat menjadi 861 spesies pada tahun 2023. Juga di tahun 2021, proyek karbon di Semenanjung Kampar telah divalidasi dan terdaftar sebagai salah satu proyek penghindaran emisi karbon terbesar di dunia. Diperkirakan 373 juta ton emisi karbon akan terhindar selama 57 tahun masa proyek. Hal ini dapat dicapai dengan syarat upaya restorasi lahan gambut terus dilakukan. Salah satunya adalah pembasahan kubah gambut, yang melibatkan penyekatan kanal untuk mempertahankan dan meningkatkan permukaan air gambut. Hingga saat ini, RER telah mencapai 80% dari targetnya dengan pemasangan 112 bendungan di 36 kanal dengan total panjang 179 km. Karena pencegahan kebakaran juga sama pentingnya, area restorasi dipantau secara ekstensif untuk mendapatkan deteksi dini terhadap asap dan api untuk respon yang cepat. Sejak tahun 2014, tidak ada insiden kebakaran di area RER di Semenanjung Kampar, namun tim pemadam kebakaran dilatih secara rutin untuk memastikan kesiapsiagaan mereka.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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RER bertujuan untuk meningkatkan permukaan air hingga 40 cm di seluruh jaringan kanal pada tahun 2025.\n<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kunci untuk Sukses\u00a0<\/h2>

Keberhasilan RER berkaitan dengan faktanya bahwa APRIL satu-satunya yang bertanggung jawab atas area konsesi dan sebagai perusahaan multinasional, mereka memiliki sumber daya yang berlimpah, dengan anggaran sebesar USD 5 juta dolar per tahun. Mereka menerapkan pendekatan produksi-perlindungan yang unik, di mana hutan tanaman yang dikelola secara berkelanjutan di sekeliling RER mendukung proyek restorasi secara finansial. Sedangkan pada kasus lainnya, upaya untuk merestorasi area lahan gambut terhambat oleh konflik antara pemangku kepentingan (misalnya konsesi perusahaan, masyarakat, dan pemerintah daerah) dan keterbatasan sumber daya manusia untuk menegakkan aturan. RER bekerja sama dengan 40.000 orang yang tinggal di desa-desa di sekitar area konsesi, memastikan bahwa mata pencaharian mereka sejalan dengan upaya restorasi dan bahwa mereka memahami manfaat ekonomi dan sosial dari pelestarian hutan gambut. Para petani lokal yang sebelumnya menggunakan metode tebang dan bakar dilatih dalam praktik pertanian tanpa bakar, dengan menggunakan demplot agroforestri yang menunjukkan bagaimana meningkatkan hasil panen secara berkelanjutan di lahan yang terbatas.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

Proyek berskala besar ini tidak akan dapat terlaksana tanpa dukungan dan kerja sama dari para peneliti, ranger, masyarakat lokal dan pemerintah yang memiliki tujuan yang sama, yaitu menjaga dan merestorasi ekosistem hutan gambut. Selama 11 tahun, RER telah berhasil melakukan pelibatan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat, pemantauan keanekaragaman hayati, dan pengelolaan bentang alam, bermitra dengan BIDARA, Yayasan Laskar Alam, Tropenbos Indonesia, Wildlife Conservation Society, dan The Nature Conservancy. RER menjadi contoh model restorasi ekosistem gambut yang sukses dan dapat direplikasi oleh industri ekstraktif lainnya \u2014mungkin juga untuk jenis ekosistem lainnya\u2014 asalkan semua pemangku kepentingan memiliki visi dan pemahaman yang sama.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Keberhasilan RER berkaitan dengan faktanya bahwa APRIL satu-satunya yang bertanggung jawab atas area konsesi dan sebagai perusahaan multinasional, mereka memiliki sumber daya yang berlimpah, dengan anggaran sebesar USD 5 juta dolar per tahun. Mereka menerapkan pendekatan produksi-perlindungan yang unik, di mana hutan tanaman yang dikelola secara berkelanjutan di sekeliling RER mendukung proyek restorasi secara finansial.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":5800,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5795","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nRiau Ecosystem Restoration Project Takes a Unique Production-Protection Approach to Peatland Restoration - Gambut Kita<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/id\/riau-ecosystem-restoration-project-takes-a-unique-production-protection-approach-to-peatland-restoration\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Riau Ecosystem Restoration Project Takes a Unique Production-Protection Approach to Peatland Restoration - Gambut Kita\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The success of RER is attributed to the fact that APRIL is in charge of the concession area and, being a multinational company, they have an abundance of resources, with a budget of USD 5 million dollars per year. 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