{"id":5808,"date":"2024-08-29T09:25:43","date_gmt":"2024-08-29T09:25:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/?p=5808"},"modified":"2025-05-27T02:24:31","modified_gmt":"2025-05-27T02:24:31","slug":"the-volunteer-firefighters-of-tumbang-nusa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/id\/the-volunteer-firefighters-of-tumbang-nusa\/","title":{"rendered":"Masyarakat Peduli Api Tumbang Nusa"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Kami pertama kali menghubungi Pak Silpanus pada bulan Maret untuk mewawancarainya di lokasi. Beliau adalah ketua Masyarakat Peduli Api (MPA) di desa Tumbang Nusa. Sayangnya, banjir yang melanda wilayah tersebut membuat akses ke desa menjadi sulit. Jadi, sementara itu, kami menulis cerita lain hingga kami menghubunginya lagi pada bulan Agustus. Dia setuju untuk menemui kami pada jam 9 pagi di pos jaga mereka di Tumbang Nusa. Sesampainya di sana, mereka hendak melakukan perawatan sumur bor yang tersebar di lahan gambut. Kami tidak menyangka akan berjalan di lahan gambut dan tidak mengenakan pakaian yang sesuai, namun kami memanfaatkan kesempatan itu untuk melihat sendiri upaya mereka dalam mencegah kebakaran di kawasan tersebut.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Memeriksa sumur bor<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLahan gambut yang menutupi 71% Tumbang Nusa1<\/sup><\/span>telah mengalami degradasi parah, terutama karena Proyek Lahan Gambut Satu Juta Hektar pada tahun 1995, yang berupaya mengubah 1,5 juta hektar menjadi lahan pertanian<\/span>2<\/sup><\/span>Akibatnya, gambut menjadi lebih rentan terhadap kebakaran dan kapasitasnya untuk menahan air menjadi sangat berkurang, yang merupakan salah satu faktor penyebab terjadinya banjir setiap musim hujan. Sejak itu, kebakaran terjadi hampir setiap musim kemarau, terutama pada tahun-tahun El Ni\u00f1o. Menanggapi bencana kebakaran dan kabut asap pada tahun 2015, Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan mengeluarkan keputusan untuk membentuk kelompok sukarelawan pemadam kebakaran yang disebut \u201cMasyarakat Peduli Api\u201d (MPA) di 300 desa di Indonesia yang berisiko terbakar<\/span>3<\/sup><\/span>Tujuannya adalah untuk memberdayakan masyarakat desa agar mereka mandiri dalam mencegah dan memadamkan kebakaran di wilayahnya masing-masing. Pada tahun 2021, Pak Silpanus menjadi Ketua MPA Tumbang Nusa. Ia dan 16 anggota MPA Perintis bekerja tiga bulan dalam setahun pada musim kemarau untuk mencegah dan memadamkan kebakaran di wilayah mereka. Kami mengikuti mereka di lahan gambut selagi mereka memeriksa setiap sumur bor dan memastikan area di sekitar mereka bersih dari segala penghalang, karena mereka menggunakan air dari sumur tersebut untuk memadamkan api. Pada bulan ketiga, mereka akan mengecek apakah sumur masih menyediakan air dengan mengurasnya selama tiga jam. Awalnya, Badan Restorasi Gambut dan Mangrove (BRGM) membuat 250 sumur pada tahun 2017, namun kini MPA hanya bisa memanfaatkan 136 dari sumur tersebut. Sumur bor yang tidak bisa digunakan, entah rusak atau dipakai warga Tumbang Nusa. Sumur-sumur tersebut terbentang dari jalan utama dalam jalur-jalur yang berjarak 200 m dan setiap jalur mempunyai 3-7 unit yang berjarak 100 m. <\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Peta sumur bor aktif di Tumbang Nusa ditandai dengan titik merah.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kurangnya peralatan yang memadai<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kami melewati banyak batang pohon yang hangus akibat kebakaran pada bulan September-Oktober 2023. Bagi Pak Silpanus, itu adalah kebakaran terparah yang pernah mereka alami sejak menjadi anggota MPA. Kebakaran ini berlangsung selama 25 hari dan membakar lahan seluas 240 ha. Kebakaran yang terjadi di lahan gambut seringkali menyebar ke gambut di bawahnya dan menjadi semakin sulit untuk dipadamkan. Gambut bisa membara selama berhari-hari dan mengeluarkan asap beracun. Sumber kebakaran itu berada 1600 m dari jalan utama dan jauh dari sumber air. MPA Perintis dan petugas pemadam kebakaran dari Manggala Agni, pasukan pemadam kebakaran nasional, dan Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) bergabung untuk memadamkan kebakaran ini. Ketika MPA tidak dapat menangani kebakaran sendiri, petugas pemadam kebakaran dari salah satu dari dua organisasi di atas, yang memiliki perlengkapan lebih baik, akan datang membantu. Meskipun MPA menerima bantuan dari Dana Desa dan BPBD dan BRGM mendukung mereka dengan menyediakan bahan bakar dan upah harian, walaupun tidak secara rutin, MPA tidak memiliki peralatan yang memadai untuk memadamkan api. Sebagian besar peralatan mereka memerlukan perbaikan atau penggantian dan mereka tidak mempunyai transportasi yang layak. Saat terjadi kebakaran, mereka membawa alat berat seperti pompa dan selang pemadam kebakaran dengan sepeda motor sendiri menuju lokasi. \u201cKendala utama kami adalah uang. Jika kami punya dana, kami bisa membeli peralatan yang memadai untuk mendukung kegiatan kami\u201d, kata Pak Silpanus. Mereka bertahan dengan seadanya, terkadang menggunakan uang mereka sendiri untuk membayar biaya MPA. Kebanyakan dari mereka mencari nafkah dengan memancing, bertani, dan melakukan pekerjaan serabutan. Mereka meluangkan waktu sebisa mungkin untuk melaksanakan kegiatan MPA.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Kebakaran gambut yang terjadi di bawah tanah bisa bertahan berhari-hari, seperti yang terjadi pada kebakaran tahun 2023.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Keamanan Kebakaran di Lahan Gambut<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Setelah berjalan di atas gambut sejauh 500-an meter di tengah teriknya pagi, kami tidak tahan lagi dan kembali ke pos jaga, di mana kami menunggu mereka. Tim kembali satu jam kemudian, berboncengan tiga orang dengan satu sepeda motor, dan kami melanjutkan wawancara. Secara keseluruhan, mereka telah selesai memeriksa 22 sumur bor pada pagi hari itu dan akan melanjutkannya lagi pada sore hari. Setiap hari mereka menargetkan 30 sumur bor. Setelah memeriksa semuanya, mereka melapor ke BRGM yang kemudian membayar Rp100.000 untuk setiap sumur yang diperiksa. Aspek lain dari tugas mereka adalah melakukan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat tentang keselamatan kebakaran di lahan gambut. Dari pos jaga mereka dapat melihat semua orang yang keluar masuk desa. Ketika mereka melihat pengunjung yang datang untuk memancing di daerah tersebut, mereka memohon agar mereka tidak membuat api. Cenderung kebakaran terjadi karena orang-orang yang memancing di daerah tersebut menyalakan api untuk memasak hasil tangkapannya dan untuk mengusir nyamuk, serta rokok yang masih menyala. Menurut Pak Silpanus, tidak ada yang sengaja membakar lahan gambut. Mereka hanya ceroboh dan tidak menyadari betapa mudahnya gambut terbakar, oleh karena itulah sosialisasi sangat penting. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Tim memastikan area di sekitar sumur bor bebas dari penghalang seperti tanaman pakis, sehingga mudah diakses saat terjadi kebakaran. <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Referensi<\/p>

  1. YTS (2021) Mapping of Hydrological Peat Units (KHG) in Jabiren Raya Subdistrict<\/span><\/li>
  2. Sakuntaladewi, N., Mendham, D.S., Subarudi, Rochmayanto, Y., Jalilov, S.M, Djaenudin, D., Effendi R., Astana, S., Wibowo, A. Vulnerability of communities living on peatlands to climate change and peatland degradation: A case study in Tumbang Nusa Village, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Mires and Peat, Volume 30 (2024), Article 05, 18 pp., http:\/\/www.mires-and-peat.net\/, ISSN 1819-754X International Mire Conservation Group and International Peatland Society, DOI: 10.19189\/MaP.2023.OMB.Sc.2118578\u00a0<\/span><\/li>
  3. Ministry of the Environment and Forestry (2018) PPID, accessed 25 August 2024, https:\/\/ppid.menlhk.go.id\/siaran_pers\/browse\/1425<\/span><\/li><\/ol>

    \u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Menanggapi bencana kebakaran dan kabut asap pada tahun 2015, Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan mengeluarkan keputusan untuk membentuk kelompok sukarelawan pemadam kebakaran yang disebut \u201cMasyarakat Peduli Api\u201d (MPA) di 300 desa di Indonesia yang berisiko terbakar3Tujuannya adalah untuk memberdayakan masyarakat desa agar mereka mandiri dalam mencegah dan memadamkan kebakaran di wilayahnya masing-masing. Pada tahun 2021, Pak Silpanus menjadi Ketua MPA Tumbang Nusa. Ia dan 16 anggota MPA Perintis bekerja tiga bulan dalam setahun pada musim kemarau untuk mencegah dan memadamkan kebakaran di wilayah mereka.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":5812,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5808","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nThe Volunteer Firefighters of Tumbang Nusa - Gambut Kita<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/id\/the-volunteer-firefighters-of-tumbang-nusa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Volunteer Firefighters of Tumbang Nusa - Gambut Kita\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In response to the catastrophic 2015 fire and haze, the Ministry of the Environment and Forestry issued a decree for the creation of a volunteer firefighter group called \u201cMasyarakat Peduli Api\u201d (MPA) in each of the 300 villages in Indonesia that are at risk of fire3. Its purpose is to empower the village communities to be self-reliant in preventing and putting out fires in their respective areas. In 2021, Pak Silpanus became the head of the MPA of Tumbang Nusa. He and the 16 members of the \u201cPerintis\u201d MPA work three months out of the year in the dry season to prevent and extinguish fires in their area.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/id\/the-volunteer-firefighters-of-tumbang-nusa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Gambut Kita\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-08-29T09:25:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-05-27T02:24:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/gambutkita.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/WhatsApp-Image-2024-08-26-at-15.43.42.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1280\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"960\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"yts\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Ditulis oleh\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"yts\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimasi waktu membaca\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 menit\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gambutkita.org\\\/the-volunteer-firefighters-of-tumbang-nusa\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gambutkita.org\\\/the-volunteer-firefighters-of-tumbang-nusa\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"yts\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gambutkita.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/e05d469bf8175abeac65a2888c83221c\"},\"headline\":\"The Volunteer Firefighters of Tumbang Nusa\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-08-29T09:25:43+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-05-27T02:24:31+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gambutkita.org\\\/the-volunteer-firefighters-of-tumbang-nusa\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1064,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gambutkita.org\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gambutkita.org\\\/the-volunteer-firefighters-of-tumbang-nusa\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gambutkita.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/WhatsApp-Image-2024-08-26-at-15.43.42.jpeg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Uncategorized\"],\"inLanguage\":\"id\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/gambutkita.org\\\/the-volunteer-firefighters-of-tumbang-nusa\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gambutkita.org\\\/the-volunteer-firefighters-of-tumbang-nusa\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gambutkita.org\\\/the-volunteer-firefighters-of-tumbang-nusa\\\/\",\"name\":\"The Volunteer Firefighters of Tumbang Nusa - 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