Peatlands cover less than 3 per cent of the Earth’s surface but contain about one third of global soil carbon. In Indonesia, peatland ecosystems store up to 69 Gt of soil carbon in the form of peat soils. For this reason, Indonesian peatlands can play a critical role in mitigating climate change by reducing GHG emissions from degraded peatlands. The restoration of peatlands requires four elements: rewetting, revegetation, revitalization of wetland livelihoods, and reduction in the use of fire for landscape management.