Too Many Livelihood Programs in Tumbang Nusa
Since 2003, a range of actors have initiated a total of 15 livelihood programs in Tumbang Nusa, and an additional 18 plots have been established to demonstrate peat-friendly livelihood options. Most of these initiatives did not result in substantial practice change on the ground, with only three of the programs considered to be effective. An effective program is one whereby at least some of the elements had been adopted by community members who were not directly involved in the demonstration plots.